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planemo upload for repository https://github.com/galaxyproject/tools-iuc/tree/master/tools/onto-toolkit commit 9422f839ae354d4c26b02d4494abdeaad518d0e6
| author | iuc |
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| date | Fri, 10 Nov 2017 11:32:46 -0500 |
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CCO:B0000000 A protein being considered as principal in the regulation of the cell cycle process CCO:P0000001 Lengthening of the distance between poles of the mitotic spindle. CCO:P0000002 The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. CCO:P0000003 A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000004 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. CCO:P0000005 A point in the eukaryotic cell cycle where progress through the cycle can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. CCO:P0000006 A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome. CCO:P0000007 A signal transduction pathway, induced by DNA damage, that blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slows the rate at which S phase proceeds. CCO:P0000008 A cell cycle checkpoint observed when aspects of polarity control are defective, which maintains coordination between the process of cellular morphogenesis and the nuclear events of the cell cycle. For example, in budding yeast cell-cycle delay or arrest is induced when aspects of bud formation are defective. CCO:P0000009 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. CCO:P0000010 Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. CCO:P0000011 Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000012 Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1/S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000013 Progression through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. CCO:P0000014 Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. CCO:P0000015 Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000016 Progression through M phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. CCO:P0000017 Progression through prophase, the initial stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are condensed but are not yet attached to a mitotic spindle. CCO:P0000018 Progression through metaphase, the stage of mitosis at which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator but have not yet segregated to opposite poles. CCO:P0000019 Progression through anaphase, the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other. CCO:P0000020 Progression through anaphase A, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. CCO:P0000021 Progression through anaphase B, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart. CCO:P0000022 Progression through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis; in the canonical cell cycle, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. CCO:P0000023 Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000024 A cell cycle process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000025 Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000026 Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000027 The processes that set the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. CCO:P0000028 A cell cycle checkpoint that detects septin defects and responds by inhibiting the mitotic CDK. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correct formation of a functional septin cytoskeleton permits the cell to switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation. In the presence of septin defects, the mitotic CDK is inhibited and both the switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation is delayed. CCO:P0000029 The cell cycle process whereby the microtubule spindle is formed and maintained during a meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000030 Progression from M phase to G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000031 Progression through prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles. CCO:P0000032 Progression through the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which chromosomes first become visible. CCO:P0000033 Progression through the second stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur. CCO:P0000034 Progression through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome. CCO:P0000035 Progression through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. CCO:P0000036 Progression through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I. CCO:P0000037 Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy; comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M. CCO:P0000038 Progression through M phase, the part of the cell cycle comprising nuclear division and cytokinesis. CCO:P0000039 The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. CCO:P0000040 The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state. CCO:P0000041 The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. CCO:P0000042 The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata. CCO:P0000043 The cell cycle process whereby the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis. CCO:P0000044 During meiosis, the assembly of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA. CCO:P0000045 The cell cycle process whereby the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis. CCO:P0000046 The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA. CCO:P0000047 A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis. CCO:P0000048 During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template. CCO:P0000049 The cleavage and rejoining of Holliday junctions to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged. CCO:P0000050 During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules. CCO:P0000051 The cell cycle process whereby the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis. CCO:P0000052 The processes that lead to a halt in cell cycle progression (cessation of cell cycle transitions) as a result of a pheromone stimulus. CCO:P0000053 Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). CCO:P0000054 The cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele. CCO:P0000055 A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000056 The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. CCO:P0000057 Any process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). CCO:P0000058 The cell cycle process whereby the microtubule spindle is formed and maintained during a mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000059 The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000060 The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000061 The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000062 The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000063 The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000064 The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208). CCO:P0000065 The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male. CCO:P0000066 The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during mitosis. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission. CCO:P0000067 The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male. CCO:P0000068 The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female. CCO:P0000069 Progression through mitosis, the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. CCO:P0000070 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis. CCO:P0000071 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000072 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000073 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000074 The cell cycle process whereby transcription is positively regulated as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. CCO:P0000078 The cell cycle process whereby chromatin structure is compacted prior to mitosis in eukaryotic cells. CCO:P0000079 The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs. CCO:P0000080 The cell cycle process whereby lamin is depolymerized. CCO:P0000081 The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis. CCO:P0000082 The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis. CCO:P0000083 The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells. CCO:P0000084 The cell cycle process whereby the nuclear envelope reforms during mitotic cell division. CCO:P0000085 The cell cycle process whereby the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus occurs. CCO:P0000086 The cell cycle process whereby nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division. CCO:P0000087 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. CCO:P0000088 Passage through a cell cycle control point late in G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase; in most organisms studied, including budding yeast and animal cells, passage through start normally commits the cell to progressing through the entire cell cycle. CCO:P0000089 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000090 The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the destruction of mitotic cyclins. CCO:P0000091 Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000092 A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into, passage through and exit from mitosis. Events that may be monitored include the formation of a correctly assembled spindle, the position of the spindle pole (centrosome) and the orientation of the spindle and cellular morphogenesis. CCO:P0000093 A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of cell division by preventing the premature advance of cells from metaphase to anaphase prior to the successful attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules (spindle assembly). CCO:P0000094 A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into mitosis in the presence of damaged DNA. CCO:P0000095 Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity. CCO:P0000096 The cell cycle process whereby centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000097 The cell cycle process whereby a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. CCO:P0000098 Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle. CCO:P0000099 Centrosome duplication and separation in the context of male meiosis. CCO:P0000100 The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. CCO:P0000101 The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells. CCO:P0000102 The replication and division of chromosomes which is not followed by nuclear division, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. CCO:P0000103 Progression through meiosis, the specialized nuclear and cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid generations. CCO:P0000104 Progression through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells. CCO:P0000105 Progression through prophase of meiosis I; divided into several stages. CCO:P0000106 The cell cycle process whereby the side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created at the metaphase plate. CCO:P0000107 The cell cycle process whereby the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination. CCO:P0000108 The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity. CCO:P0000109 Progression through metaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic metaphase. CCO:P0000110 Progression through anaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic anaphase. CCO:P0000111 Progression through telophase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic telophase. CCO:P0000112 Progression through the second phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and separate the two chromatids in each chromosome. CCO:P0000113 Progression through prophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic prophase. CCO:P0000114 Progression through metaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic metaphase. CCO:P0000115 Progression through anaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic anaphase. CCO:P0000116 Progression through telophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic telophase. CCO:P0000117 Meiosis in the male germline. CCO:P0000118 Progression through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline. CCO:P0000119 Progression through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. CCO:P0000120 Meiosis in the female germline. CCO:P0000121 The cell cycle process whereby the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline. CCO:P0000122 The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes. CCO:P0000123 The cell cycle process whereby the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. CCO:P0000124 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000125 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000126 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000127 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions. CCO:P0000128 The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from meiotic prophase to metaphase I. CCO:P0000129 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo. CCO:P0000130 The cell cycle process whereby the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398). CCO:P0000131 The formation of the spindle in male meiotic cells. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090). CCO:P0000132 The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. CCO:P0000133 A discrete cell cycle that occurs during the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392). CCO:P0000134 The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis. CCO:P0000135 The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis. CCO:P0000136 The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis. CCO:P0000137 Viral processes that modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication. CCO:P0000138 The cell cycle process whereby rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs. CCO:P0000139 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000140 The formation and maintenance of the spindle in the nucleus, as seen in Fungi during a mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000141 The cell cycle process whereby oscillatory movement of the nucleus during meiotic prophase I occurs. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, which may facilitate synapsis necessary for efficient meiotic recombination; as observed in S. pombe. CCO:P0000142 The processes that lead to a halt in cell cycle progression (cessation of cell cycle transitions) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. CCO:P0000143 Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker. CCO:P0000144 The cell cycle process whereby a proteinaceous scaffold, related to the synaptonemal complex, is formed in association with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase. CCO:P0000145 The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the begining of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis. CCO:P0000146 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling. CCO:P0000147 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling. CCO:P0000148 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling. CCO:P0000149 The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. CCO:P0000150 The process by which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired by a recombinational mechanism. CCO:P0000151 Any processactivates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). CCO:P0000152 A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures the correct temporal ordering of nuclear division and cytokinesis; arrests the cell cycle in G2 upon perturbation of cytokinetic structures. In Schizosaccharomyces, the checkpoint monitors formation and integrity of medial actomyosin ring and septum. CCO:P0000153 The cell cycle process whereby the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures. CCO:P0000154 Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size. CCO:P0000155 A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase until cells have reached a critical size. CCO:P0000156 A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase until cells have reached a critical size. CCO:P0000157 Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure. CCO:P0000158 A cell cycle checkpoint that arrests cell cycle progression G1 phase in response to DNA damage. CCO:P0000159 A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage. CCO:P0000160 The slowing of DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progession. CCO:P0000161 A cell cycle checkpoint which halts replication in response to nucleotide depletion. CCO:P0000162 Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into S phase. CCO:P0000163 Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into M phase. CCO:P0000164 A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. CCO:P0000165 A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. The result is a cell cycle delay, usually in mitosis, until errors are corrected. CCO:P0000166 The cell cycle process whereby the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I. CCO:P0000167 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000168 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000169 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000170 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000171 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000172 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000173 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. CCO:P0000174 The cell cycle process whereby physical connections are formed between telomeres and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation. CCO:P0000175 The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. CCO:P0000176 Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively. CCO:P0000177 The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. CCO:P0000178 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis, the process by which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. CCO:P0000179 The cell cycle process whereby two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes. CCO:P0000180 The cell cycle process whereby double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination. CCO:P0000181 The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene. CCO:P0000182 The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over. CCO:P0000183 The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I. CCO:P0000184 The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II. CCO:P0000185 The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of meiosis. CCO:P0000186 The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of mitosis. CCO:P0000187 The transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression. CCO:P0000188 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. CCO:P0000189 The process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000190 The cell cycle process whereby the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in homologous chromosome pairing and therefore progression through meiosis. CCO:P0000191 The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. CCO:P0000192 The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000193 The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo. CCO:P0000194 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. CCO:P0000195 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity. CCO:P0000196 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity. CCO:P0000197 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity. CCO:P0000198 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. CCO:P0000199 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. CCO:P0000200 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. CCO:P0000201 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. CCO:P0000202 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. CCO:P0000203 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. CCO:P0000204 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. CCO:P0000205 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition. CCO:P0000206 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis. CCO:P0000207 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis. CCO:P0000208 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000209 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000210 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000211 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000212 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000213 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000214 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000215 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000216 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000217 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000218 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000219 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000220 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000221 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis. CCO:P0000222 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole. CCO:P0000223 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication. CCO:P0000224 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication. CCO:P0000225 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. CCO:P0000226 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation. CCO:P0000227 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation. CCO:P0000228 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation. CCO:P0000229 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle. CCO:P0000230 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle. CCO:P0000231 Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur. CCO:P0000232 Processes preventing the collapse of stalled replication forks. CCO:P0000233 The cell cycle process whereby a connection between chromatids forms, indicating where an exchange of homologous segments has taken place by the crossing-over of non-sister chromatids. CCO:P0000234 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis. CCO:P0000235 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis. CCO:P0000236 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis. CCO:P0000237 The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs. CCO:P0000238 The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis. CCO:P0000239 The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the second division of meiosis. CCO:P0000240 The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis. CCO:P0000241 The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form held during meiosis to the relaxed dispersed form held in resting cells. CCO:P0000242 The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000243 The formation of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000244 The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000245 The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000246 The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000247 The formation of the mitotic spindle midzone, the area in the center of the mitotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. CCO:P0000248 The formation of the meiotic spindle midzone, the area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. CCO:P0000249 The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. CCO:P0000250 The processes that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. CCO:P0000251 The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. CCO:P0000252 The process by which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle. CCO:P0000253 The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. CCO:P0000254 The process by which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis. CCO:P0000255 The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis. CCO:P0000256 The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis. CCO:P0000257 The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis. CCO:P0000258 The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during mitosis. CCO:P0000259 The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs. CCO:P0000260 The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiotic chromosome segregation. CCO:P0000261 The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during meiosis. CCO:P0000262 Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. CCO:P0000263 Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). CCO:P0000264 Progression through S phase, the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. CCO:P0000265 Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell. CCO:P0000266 Progression through anaphase, the third stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. CCO:P0000267 Progression through metaphase, the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. CCO:P0000268 Progression through prophase, the first stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. CCO:P0000269 Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs. CCO:P0000270 Progression through telophase, the last stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. CCO:P0000271 Progression through M phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which meiosis and cytokinesis take place. CCO:P0000272 Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of meiosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs. CCO:P0000273 Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of mitosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs. CCO:P0000274 Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. CCO:P0000275 Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of meiosis. CCO:P0000276 Progression through S phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place. CCO:P0000277 The cell cycle process whereby the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs. CCO:P0000278 The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I. CCO:P0000279 The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis II. CCO:P0000280 The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. CCO:P0000281 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000282 Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000283 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000284 A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000285 Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000286 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000287 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000288 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000289 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000290 The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs. CCO:P0000291 The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs. CCO:P0000292 Any process that initiatiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the meiotic cell cycle. CCO:P0000293 A checkpoint during late prophase I (pachytene) which prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed and ensures proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes. CCO:P0000294 A cell cycle process that modulates the rate, extent or mode of the cell cycle. CCO:P0000295 The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from meiotic to mitotic division. CCO:P0000296 The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. CCO:P0000297 The process by which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. CCO:P0000298 The cell cycle process whereby centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis. CCO:P0000299 The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis. CCO:P0000300 The cell cycle process whereby the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis. CCO:P0000301 The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis. CCO:P0000302 The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I. CCO:P0000303 The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II. CCO:P0000304 The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during meiosis. CCO:P0000305 The cell cycle process whereby lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements. CCO:P0000306 The processes by which a contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. CCO:P0000307 The process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted in a cell that has been committed to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain. CCO:P0000308 A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. CCO:P0000309 A cell cycle process composed of one of the morphological steps through which a cell progresses during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. CCO:P0000310 The cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. CCO:P0000311 The cell cycle process whereby spindle midzone is formed. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. CCO:P0000312 The cell cycle process whereby paired chromosomes are detached from each other. In budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. CCO:P0000313 The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a \"backup\" mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over -- either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) -- but nevertheless segregate normally. CCO:P0000314 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. CCO:P0000315 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. CCO:U0000000 A process or continuant. CCO:U0000001 Entities which endure, or continue to exist, through time while undergoing different sort of changes, including changes of place. CCO:U0000002 Entities that unfold themselves in successive temporal phases. CCO:U0000003 A polymer, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or transcript, ocurring in, or formed by, living systems. CCO:U0000004 A locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. CCO:U0000005 One or more polypeptides which may, or may not, be covalently bonded, and which assume a native secondary and tertiary structure. CCO:U0000006 An RNA synthesized on a DNA or RNA template by an RNA polymerase. CCO:U0000007 Cell cycle proteins are polymeric macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, usually coiled and folded into complex globular or fibrous structures. CCO:U0000008 Cell cycle units of heredity which (except for polygenes) may be regarded as the controlling agents in the expression of single phenotypic characters and are usually segments of a chromosome at fixed positions relative to each other. CCO:U0000010 Any distinct chemical species in which two or more identical or nonidentical chemical species are associated. CCO:U0000011 A modified protein CCO:U0000012 A cell cycle protein which underwent any sort of modification (e.g. phosphorylation) CCO:U0000030 A protein which underwent any sort of modification (e.g. phosphorylation)