diff env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/humanfriendly/__init__.py @ 5:9b1c78e6ba9c draft default tip

"planemo upload commit 6c0a8142489327ece472c84e558c47da711a9142"
author shellac
date Mon, 01 Jun 2020 08:59:25 -0400
parents 79f47841a781
children
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--- a/env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/humanfriendly/__init__.py	Thu May 14 16:47:39 2020 -0400
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,835 +0,0 @@
-# Human friendly input/output in Python.
-#
-# Author: Peter Odding <peter@peterodding.com>
-# Last Change: April 19, 2020
-# URL: https://humanfriendly.readthedocs.io
-
-"""The main module of the `humanfriendly` package."""
-
-# Standard library modules.
-import collections
-import datetime
-import decimal
-import numbers
-import os
-import os.path
-import re
-import time
-
-# Modules included in our package.
-from humanfriendly.compat import is_string, monotonic
-from humanfriendly.deprecation import define_aliases
-from humanfriendly.text import concatenate, format, pluralize, tokenize
-
-# Public identifiers that require documentation.
-__all__ = (
-    'CombinedUnit',
-    'InvalidDate',
-    'InvalidLength',
-    'InvalidSize',
-    'InvalidTimespan',
-    'SizeUnit',
-    'Timer',
-    '__version__',
-    'coerce_boolean',
-    'coerce_pattern',
-    'coerce_seconds',
-    'disk_size_units',
-    'format_length',
-    'format_number',
-    'format_path',
-    'format_size',
-    'format_timespan',
-    'length_size_units',
-    'parse_date',
-    'parse_length',
-    'parse_path',
-    'parse_size',
-    'parse_timespan',
-    'round_number',
-    'time_units',
-)
-
-# Semi-standard module versioning.
-__version__ = '8.2'
-
-# Named tuples to define units of size.
-SizeUnit = collections.namedtuple('SizeUnit', 'divider, symbol, name')
-CombinedUnit = collections.namedtuple('CombinedUnit', 'decimal, binary')
-
-# Common disk size units in binary (base-2) and decimal (base-10) multiples.
-disk_size_units = (
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**1, 'KB', 'kilobyte'), SizeUnit(1024**1, 'KiB', 'kibibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**2, 'MB', 'megabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**2, 'MiB', 'mebibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**3, 'GB', 'gigabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**3, 'GiB', 'gibibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**4, 'TB', 'terabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**4, 'TiB', 'tebibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**5, 'PB', 'petabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**5, 'PiB', 'pebibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**6, 'EB', 'exabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**6, 'EiB', 'exbibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**7, 'ZB', 'zettabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**7, 'ZiB', 'zebibyte')),
-    CombinedUnit(SizeUnit(1000**8, 'YB', 'yottabyte'), SizeUnit(1024**8, 'YiB', 'yobibyte')),
-)
-
-# Common length size units, used for formatting and parsing.
-length_size_units = (dict(prefix='nm', divider=1e-09, singular='nm', plural='nm'),
-                     dict(prefix='mm', divider=1e-03, singular='mm', plural='mm'),
-                     dict(prefix='cm', divider=1e-02, singular='cm', plural='cm'),
-                     dict(prefix='m', divider=1, singular='metre', plural='metres'),
-                     dict(prefix='km', divider=1000, singular='km', plural='km'))
-
-# Common time units, used for formatting of time spans.
-time_units = (dict(divider=1e-9, singular='nanosecond', plural='nanoseconds', abbreviations=['ns']),
-              dict(divider=1e-6, singular='microsecond', plural='microseconds', abbreviations=['us']),
-              dict(divider=1e-3, singular='millisecond', plural='milliseconds', abbreviations=['ms']),
-              dict(divider=1, singular='second', plural='seconds', abbreviations=['s', 'sec', 'secs']),
-              dict(divider=60, singular='minute', plural='minutes', abbreviations=['m', 'min', 'mins']),
-              dict(divider=60 * 60, singular='hour', plural='hours', abbreviations=['h']),
-              dict(divider=60 * 60 * 24, singular='day', plural='days', abbreviations=['d']),
-              dict(divider=60 * 60 * 24 * 7, singular='week', plural='weeks', abbreviations=['w']),
-              dict(divider=60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 52, singular='year', plural='years', abbreviations=['y']))
-
-
-def coerce_boolean(value):
-    """
-    Coerce any value to a boolean.
-
-    :param value: Any Python value. If the value is a string:
-
-                  - The strings '1', 'yes', 'true' and 'on' are coerced to :data:`True`.
-                  - The strings '0', 'no', 'false' and 'off' are coerced to :data:`False`.
-                  - Other strings raise an exception.
-
-                  Other Python values are coerced using :class:`bool`.
-    :returns: A proper boolean value.
-    :raises: :exc:`exceptions.ValueError` when the value is a string but
-             cannot be coerced with certainty.
-    """
-    if is_string(value):
-        normalized = value.strip().lower()
-        if normalized in ('1', 'yes', 'true', 'on'):
-            return True
-        elif normalized in ('0', 'no', 'false', 'off', ''):
-            return False
-        else:
-            msg = "Failed to coerce string to boolean! (%r)"
-            raise ValueError(format(msg, value))
-    else:
-        return bool(value)
-
-
-def coerce_pattern(value, flags=0):
-    """
-    Coerce strings to compiled regular expressions.
-
-    :param value: A string containing a regular expression pattern
-                  or a compiled regular expression.
-    :param flags: The flags used to compile the pattern (an integer).
-    :returns: A compiled regular expression.
-    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.ValueError` when `value` isn't a string
-             and also isn't a compiled regular expression.
-    """
-    if is_string(value):
-        value = re.compile(value, flags)
-    else:
-        empty_pattern = re.compile('')
-        pattern_type = type(empty_pattern)
-        if not isinstance(value, pattern_type):
-            msg = "Failed to coerce value to compiled regular expression! (%r)"
-            raise ValueError(format(msg, value))
-    return value
-
-
-def coerce_seconds(value):
-    """
-    Coerce a value to the number of seconds.
-
-    :param value: An :class:`int`, :class:`float` or
-                  :class:`datetime.timedelta` object.
-    :returns: An :class:`int` or :class:`float` value.
-
-    When `value` is a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object the
-    :meth:`~datetime.timedelta.total_seconds()` method is called.
-    """
-    if isinstance(value, datetime.timedelta):
-        return value.total_seconds()
-    if not isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
-        msg = "Failed to coerce value to number of seconds! (%r)"
-        raise ValueError(format(msg, value))
-    return value
-
-
-def format_size(num_bytes, keep_width=False, binary=False):
-    """
-    Format a byte count as a human readable file size.
-
-    :param num_bytes: The size to format in bytes (an integer).
-    :param keep_width: :data:`True` if trailing zeros should not be stripped,
-                       :data:`False` if they can be stripped.
-    :param binary: :data:`True` to use binary multiples of bytes (base-2),
-                   :data:`False` to use decimal multiples of bytes (base-10).
-    :returns: The corresponding human readable file size (a string).
-
-    This function knows how to format sizes in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
-    gigabytes, terabytes and petabytes. Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_size
-    >>> format_size(0)
-    '0 bytes'
-    >>> format_size(1)
-    '1 byte'
-    >>> format_size(5)
-    '5 bytes'
-    > format_size(1000)
-    '1 KB'
-    > format_size(1024, binary=True)
-    '1 KiB'
-    >>> format_size(1000 ** 3 * 4)
-    '4 GB'
-    """
-    for unit in reversed(disk_size_units):
-        if num_bytes >= unit.binary.divider and binary:
-            number = round_number(float(num_bytes) / unit.binary.divider, keep_width=keep_width)
-            return pluralize(number, unit.binary.symbol, unit.binary.symbol)
-        elif num_bytes >= unit.decimal.divider and not binary:
-            number = round_number(float(num_bytes) / unit.decimal.divider, keep_width=keep_width)
-            return pluralize(number, unit.decimal.symbol, unit.decimal.symbol)
-    return pluralize(num_bytes, 'byte')
-
-
-def parse_size(size, binary=False):
-    """
-    Parse a human readable data size and return the number of bytes.
-
-    :param size: The human readable file size to parse (a string).
-    :param binary: :data:`True` to use binary multiples of bytes (base-2) for
-                   ambiguous unit symbols and names, :data:`False` to use
-                   decimal multiples of bytes (base-10).
-    :returns: The corresponding size in bytes (an integer).
-    :raises: :exc:`InvalidSize` when the input can't be parsed.
-
-    This function knows how to parse sizes in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
-    gigabytes, terabytes and petabytes. Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_size
-    >>> parse_size('42')
-    42
-    >>> parse_size('13b')
-    13
-    >>> parse_size('5 bytes')
-    5
-    >>> parse_size('1 KB')
-    1000
-    >>> parse_size('1 kilobyte')
-    1000
-    >>> parse_size('1 KiB')
-    1024
-    >>> parse_size('1 KB', binary=True)
-    1024
-    >>> parse_size('1.5 GB')
-    1500000000
-    >>> parse_size('1.5 GB', binary=True)
-    1610612736
-    """
-    tokens = tokenize(size)
-    if tokens and isinstance(tokens[0], numbers.Number):
-        # Get the normalized unit (if any) from the tokenized input.
-        normalized_unit = tokens[1].lower() if len(tokens) == 2 and is_string(tokens[1]) else ''
-        # If the input contains only a number, it's assumed to be the number of
-        # bytes. The second token can also explicitly reference the unit bytes.
-        if len(tokens) == 1 or normalized_unit.startswith('b'):
-            return int(tokens[0])
-        # Otherwise we expect two tokens: A number and a unit.
-        if normalized_unit:
-            # Convert plural units to singular units, for details:
-            # https://github.com/xolox/python-humanfriendly/issues/26
-            normalized_unit = normalized_unit.rstrip('s')
-            for unit in disk_size_units:
-                # First we check for unambiguous symbols (KiB, MiB, GiB, etc)
-                # and names (kibibyte, mebibyte, gibibyte, etc) because their
-                # handling is always the same.
-                if normalized_unit in (unit.binary.symbol.lower(), unit.binary.name.lower()):
-                    return int(tokens[0] * unit.binary.divider)
-                # Now we will deal with ambiguous prefixes (K, M, G, etc),
-                # symbols (KB, MB, GB, etc) and names (kilobyte, megabyte,
-                # gigabyte, etc) according to the caller's preference.
-                if (normalized_unit in (unit.decimal.symbol.lower(), unit.decimal.name.lower()) or
-                        normalized_unit.startswith(unit.decimal.symbol[0].lower())):
-                    return int(tokens[0] * (unit.binary.divider if binary else unit.decimal.divider))
-    # We failed to parse the size specification.
-    msg = "Failed to parse size! (input %r was tokenized as %r)"
-    raise InvalidSize(format(msg, size, tokens))
-
-
-def format_length(num_metres, keep_width=False):
-    """
-    Format a metre count as a human readable length.
-
-    :param num_metres: The length to format in metres (float / integer).
-    :param keep_width: :data:`True` if trailing zeros should not be stripped,
-                       :data:`False` if they can be stripped.
-    :returns: The corresponding human readable length (a string).
-
-    This function supports ranges from nanometres to kilometres.
-
-    Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_length
-    >>> format_length(0)
-    '0 metres'
-    >>> format_length(1)
-    '1 metre'
-    >>> format_length(5)
-    '5 metres'
-    >>> format_length(1000)
-    '1 km'
-    >>> format_length(0.004)
-    '4 mm'
-    """
-    for unit in reversed(length_size_units):
-        if num_metres >= unit['divider']:
-            number = round_number(float(num_metres) / unit['divider'], keep_width=keep_width)
-            return pluralize(number, unit['singular'], unit['plural'])
-    return pluralize(num_metres, 'metre')
-
-
-def parse_length(length):
-    """
-    Parse a human readable length and return the number of metres.
-
-    :param length: The human readable length to parse (a string).
-    :returns: The corresponding length in metres (a float).
-    :raises: :exc:`InvalidLength` when the input can't be parsed.
-
-    Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_length
-    >>> parse_length('42')
-    42
-    >>> parse_length('1 km')
-    1000
-    >>> parse_length('5mm')
-    0.005
-    >>> parse_length('15.3cm')
-    0.153
-    """
-    tokens = tokenize(length)
-    if tokens and isinstance(tokens[0], numbers.Number):
-        # If the input contains only a number, it's assumed to be the number of metres.
-        if len(tokens) == 1:
-            return tokens[0]
-        # Otherwise we expect to find two tokens: A number and a unit.
-        if len(tokens) == 2 and is_string(tokens[1]):
-            normalized_unit = tokens[1].lower()
-            # Try to match the first letter of the unit.
-            for unit in length_size_units:
-                if normalized_unit.startswith(unit['prefix']):
-                    return tokens[0] * unit['divider']
-    # We failed to parse the length specification.
-    msg = "Failed to parse length! (input %r was tokenized as %r)"
-    raise InvalidLength(format(msg, length, tokens))
-
-
-def format_number(number, num_decimals=2):
-    """
-    Format a number as a string including thousands separators.
-
-    :param number: The number to format (a number like an :class:`int`,
-                   :class:`long` or :class:`float`).
-    :param num_decimals: The number of decimals to render (2 by default). If no
-                         decimal places are required to represent the number
-                         they will be omitted regardless of this argument.
-    :returns: The formatted number (a string).
-
-    This function is intended to make it easier to recognize the order of size
-    of the number being formatted.
-
-    Here's an example:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_number
-    >>> print(format_number(6000000))
-    6,000,000
-    > print(format_number(6000000000.42))
-    6,000,000,000.42
-    > print(format_number(6000000000.42, num_decimals=0))
-    6,000,000,000
-    """
-    integer_part, _, decimal_part = str(float(number)).partition('.')
-    reversed_digits = ''.join(reversed(integer_part))
-    parts = []
-    while reversed_digits:
-        parts.append(reversed_digits[:3])
-        reversed_digits = reversed_digits[3:]
-    formatted_number = ''.join(reversed(','.join(parts)))
-    decimals_to_add = decimal_part[:num_decimals].rstrip('0')
-    if decimals_to_add:
-        formatted_number += '.' + decimals_to_add
-    return formatted_number
-
-
-def round_number(count, keep_width=False):
-    """
-    Round a floating point number to two decimal places in a human friendly format.
-
-    :param count: The number to format.
-    :param keep_width: :data:`True` if trailing zeros should not be stripped,
-                       :data:`False` if they can be stripped.
-    :returns: The formatted number as a string. If no decimal places are
-              required to represent the number, they will be omitted.
-
-    The main purpose of this function is to be used by functions like
-    :func:`format_length()`, :func:`format_size()` and
-    :func:`format_timespan()`.
-
-    Here are some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import round_number
-    >>> round_number(1)
-    '1'
-    >>> round_number(math.pi)
-    '3.14'
-    >>> round_number(5.001)
-    '5'
-    """
-    text = '%.2f' % float(count)
-    if not keep_width:
-        text = re.sub('0+$', '', text)
-        text = re.sub(r'\.$', '', text)
-    return text
-
-
-def format_timespan(num_seconds, detailed=False, max_units=3):
-    """
-    Format a timespan in seconds as a human readable string.
-
-    :param num_seconds: Any value accepted by :func:`coerce_seconds()`.
-    :param detailed: If :data:`True` milliseconds are represented separately
-                     instead of being represented as fractional seconds
-                     (defaults to :data:`False`).
-    :param max_units: The maximum number of units to show in the formatted time
-                      span (an integer, defaults to three).
-    :returns: The formatted timespan as a string.
-    :raise: See :func:`coerce_seconds()`.
-
-    Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_timespan
-    >>> format_timespan(0)
-    '0 seconds'
-    >>> format_timespan(1)
-    '1 second'
-    >>> import math
-    >>> format_timespan(math.pi)
-    '3.14 seconds'
-    >>> hour = 60 * 60
-    >>> day = hour * 24
-    >>> week = day * 7
-    >>> format_timespan(week * 52 + day * 2 + hour * 3)
-    '1 year, 2 days and 3 hours'
-    """
-    num_seconds = coerce_seconds(num_seconds)
-    if num_seconds < 60 and not detailed:
-        # Fast path.
-        return pluralize(round_number(num_seconds), 'second')
-    else:
-        # Slow path.
-        result = []
-        num_seconds = decimal.Decimal(str(num_seconds))
-        relevant_units = list(reversed(time_units[0 if detailed else 3:]))
-        for unit in relevant_units:
-            # Extract the unit count from the remaining time.
-            divider = decimal.Decimal(str(unit['divider']))
-            count = num_seconds / divider
-            num_seconds %= divider
-            # Round the unit count appropriately.
-            if unit != relevant_units[-1]:
-                # Integer rounding for all but the smallest unit.
-                count = int(count)
-            else:
-                # Floating point rounding for the smallest unit.
-                count = round_number(count)
-            # Only include relevant units in the result.
-            if count not in (0, '0'):
-                result.append(pluralize(count, unit['singular'], unit['plural']))
-        if len(result) == 1:
-            # A single count/unit combination.
-            return result[0]
-        else:
-            if not detailed:
-                # Remove `insignificant' data from the formatted timespan.
-                result = result[:max_units]
-            # Format the timespan in a readable way.
-            return concatenate(result)
-
-
-def parse_timespan(timespan):
-    """
-    Parse a "human friendly" timespan into the number of seconds.
-
-    :param value: A string like ``5h`` (5 hours), ``10m`` (10 minutes) or
-                  ``42s`` (42 seconds).
-    :returns: The number of seconds as a floating point number.
-    :raises: :exc:`InvalidTimespan` when the input can't be parsed.
-
-    Note that the :func:`parse_timespan()` function is not meant to be the
-    "mirror image" of the :func:`format_timespan()` function. Instead it's
-    meant to allow humans to easily and succinctly specify a timespan with a
-    minimal amount of typing. It's very useful to accept easy to write time
-    spans as e.g. command line arguments to programs.
-
-    The time units (and abbreviations) supported by this function are:
-
-    - ms, millisecond, milliseconds
-    - s, sec, secs, second, seconds
-    - m, min, mins, minute, minutes
-    - h, hour, hours
-    - d, day, days
-    - w, week, weeks
-    - y, year, years
-
-    Some examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_timespan
-    >>> parse_timespan('42')
-    42.0
-    >>> parse_timespan('42s')
-    42.0
-    >>> parse_timespan('1m')
-    60.0
-    >>> parse_timespan('1h')
-    3600.0
-    >>> parse_timespan('1d')
-    86400.0
-    """
-    tokens = tokenize(timespan)
-    if tokens and isinstance(tokens[0], numbers.Number):
-        # If the input contains only a number, it's assumed to be the number of seconds.
-        if len(tokens) == 1:
-            return float(tokens[0])
-        # Otherwise we expect to find two tokens: A number and a unit.
-        if len(tokens) == 2 and is_string(tokens[1]):
-            normalized_unit = tokens[1].lower()
-            for unit in time_units:
-                if (normalized_unit == unit['singular'] or
-                        normalized_unit == unit['plural'] or
-                        normalized_unit in unit['abbreviations']):
-                    return float(tokens[0]) * unit['divider']
-    # We failed to parse the timespan specification.
-    msg = "Failed to parse timespan! (input %r was tokenized as %r)"
-    raise InvalidTimespan(format(msg, timespan, tokens))
-
-
-def parse_date(datestring):
-    """
-    Parse a date/time string into a tuple of integers.
-
-    :param datestring: The date/time string to parse.
-    :returns: A tuple with the numbers ``(year, month, day, hour, minute,
-              second)`` (all numbers are integers).
-    :raises: :exc:`InvalidDate` when the date cannot be parsed.
-
-    Supported date/time formats:
-
-    - ``YYYY-MM-DD``
-    - ``YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS``
-
-    .. note:: If you want to parse date/time strings with a fixed, known
-              format and :func:`parse_date()` isn't useful to you, consider
-              :func:`time.strptime()` or :meth:`datetime.datetime.strptime()`,
-              both of which are included in the Python standard library.
-              Alternatively for more complex tasks consider using the date/time
-              parsing module in the dateutil_ package.
-
-    Examples:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_date
-    >>> parse_date('2013-06-17')
-    (2013, 6, 17, 0, 0, 0)
-    >>> parse_date('2013-06-17 02:47:42')
-    (2013, 6, 17, 2, 47, 42)
-
-    Here's how you convert the result to a number (`Unix time`_):
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_date
-    >>> from time import mktime
-    >>> mktime(parse_date('2013-06-17 02:47:42') + (-1, -1, -1))
-    1371430062.0
-
-    And here's how you convert it to a :class:`datetime.datetime` object:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_date
-    >>> from datetime import datetime
-    >>> datetime(*parse_date('2013-06-17 02:47:42'))
-    datetime.datetime(2013, 6, 17, 2, 47, 42)
-
-    Here's an example that combines :func:`format_timespan()` and
-    :func:`parse_date()` to calculate a human friendly timespan since a
-    given date:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_timespan, parse_date
-    >>> from time import mktime, time
-    >>> unix_time = mktime(parse_date('2013-06-17 02:47:42') + (-1, -1, -1))
-    >>> seconds_since_then = time() - unix_time
-    >>> print(format_timespan(seconds_since_then))
-    1 year, 43 weeks and 1 day
-
-    .. _dateutil: https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/parser.html
-    .. _Unix time: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time
-    """
-    try:
-        tokens = [t.strip() for t in datestring.split()]
-        if len(tokens) >= 2:
-            date_parts = list(map(int, tokens[0].split('-'))) + [1, 1]
-            time_parts = list(map(int, tokens[1].split(':'))) + [0, 0, 0]
-            return tuple(date_parts[0:3] + time_parts[0:3])
-        else:
-            year, month, day = (list(map(int, datestring.split('-'))) + [1, 1])[0:3]
-            return (year, month, day, 0, 0, 0)
-    except Exception:
-        msg = "Invalid date! (expected 'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' but got: %r)"
-        raise InvalidDate(format(msg, datestring))
-
-
-def format_path(pathname):
-    """
-    Shorten a pathname to make it more human friendly.
-
-    :param pathname: An absolute pathname (a string).
-    :returns: The pathname with the user's home directory abbreviated.
-
-    Given an absolute pathname, this function abbreviates the user's home
-    directory to ``~/`` in order to shorten the pathname without losing
-    information. It is not an error if the pathname is not relative to the
-    current user's home directory.
-
-    Here's an example of its usage:
-
-    >>> from os import environ
-    >>> from os.path import join
-    >>> vimrc = join(environ['HOME'], '.vimrc')
-    >>> vimrc
-    '/home/peter/.vimrc'
-    >>> from humanfriendly import format_path
-    >>> format_path(vimrc)
-    '~/.vimrc'
-    """
-    pathname = os.path.abspath(pathname)
-    home = os.environ.get('HOME')
-    if home:
-        home = os.path.abspath(home)
-        if pathname.startswith(home):
-            pathname = os.path.join('~', os.path.relpath(pathname, home))
-    return pathname
-
-
-def parse_path(pathname):
-    """
-    Convert a human friendly pathname to an absolute pathname.
-
-    Expands leading tildes using :func:`os.path.expanduser()` and
-    environment variables using :func:`os.path.expandvars()` and makes the
-    resulting pathname absolute using :func:`os.path.abspath()`.
-
-    :param pathname: A human friendly pathname (a string).
-    :returns: An absolute pathname (a string).
-    """
-    return os.path.abspath(os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(pathname)))
-
-
-class Timer(object):
-
-    """
-    Easy to use timer to keep track of long during operations.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, start_time=None, resumable=False):
-        """
-        Remember the time when the :class:`Timer` was created.
-
-        :param start_time: The start time (a float, defaults to the current time).
-        :param resumable: Create a resumable timer (defaults to :data:`False`).
-
-        When `start_time` is given :class:`Timer` uses :func:`time.time()` as a
-        clock source, otherwise it uses :func:`humanfriendly.compat.monotonic()`.
-        """
-        if resumable:
-            self.monotonic = True
-            self.resumable = True
-            self.start_time = 0.0
-            self.total_time = 0.0
-        elif start_time:
-            self.monotonic = False
-            self.resumable = False
-            self.start_time = start_time
-        else:
-            self.monotonic = True
-            self.resumable = False
-            self.start_time = monotonic()
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        """
-        Start or resume counting elapsed time.
-
-        :returns: The :class:`Timer` object.
-        :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.ValueError` when the timer isn't resumable.
-        """
-        if not self.resumable:
-            raise ValueError("Timer is not resumable!")
-        self.start_time = monotonic()
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type=None, exc_value=None, traceback=None):
-        """
-        Stop counting elapsed time.
-
-        :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.ValueError` when the timer isn't resumable.
-        """
-        if not self.resumable:
-            raise ValueError("Timer is not resumable!")
-        if self.start_time:
-            self.total_time += monotonic() - self.start_time
-            self.start_time = 0.0
-
-    def sleep(self, seconds):
-        """
-        Easy to use rate limiting of repeating actions.
-
-        :param seconds: The number of seconds to sleep (an
-                        integer or floating point number).
-
-        This method sleeps for the given number of seconds minus the
-        :attr:`elapsed_time`. If the resulting duration is negative
-        :func:`time.sleep()` will still be called, but the argument
-        given to it will be the number 0 (negative numbers cause
-        :func:`time.sleep()` to raise an exception).
-
-        The use case for this is to initialize a :class:`Timer` inside
-        the body of a :keyword:`for` or :keyword:`while` loop and call
-        :func:`Timer.sleep()` at the end of the loop body to rate limit
-        whatever it is that is being done inside the loop body.
-
-        For posterity: Although the implementation of :func:`sleep()` only
-        requires a single line of code I've added it to :mod:`humanfriendly`
-        anyway because now that I've thought about how to tackle this once I
-        never want to have to think about it again :-P (unless I find ways to
-        improve this).
-        """
-        time.sleep(max(0, seconds - self.elapsed_time))
-
-    @property
-    def elapsed_time(self):
-        """
-        Get the number of seconds counted so far.
-        """
-        elapsed_time = 0
-        if self.resumable:
-            elapsed_time += self.total_time
-        if self.start_time:
-            current_time = monotonic() if self.monotonic else time.time()
-            elapsed_time += current_time - self.start_time
-        return elapsed_time
-
-    @property
-    def rounded(self):
-        """Human readable timespan rounded to seconds (a string)."""
-        return format_timespan(round(self.elapsed_time))
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        """Show the elapsed time since the :class:`Timer` was created."""
-        return format_timespan(self.elapsed_time)
-
-
-class InvalidDate(Exception):
-
-    """
-    Raised when a string cannot be parsed into a date.
-
-    For example:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_date
-    >>> parse_date('2013-06-XY')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "humanfriendly.py", line 206, in parse_date
-        raise InvalidDate(format(msg, datestring))
-    humanfriendly.InvalidDate: Invalid date! (expected 'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' but got: '2013-06-XY')
-    """
-
-
-class InvalidSize(Exception):
-
-    """
-    Raised when a string cannot be parsed into a file size.
-
-    For example:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_size
-    >>> parse_size('5 Z')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "humanfriendly/__init__.py", line 267, in parse_size
-        raise InvalidSize(format(msg, size, tokens))
-    humanfriendly.InvalidSize: Failed to parse size! (input '5 Z' was tokenized as [5, 'Z'])
-    """
-
-
-class InvalidLength(Exception):
-
-    """
-    Raised when a string cannot be parsed into a length.
-
-    For example:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_length
-    >>> parse_length('5 Z')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "humanfriendly/__init__.py", line 267, in parse_length
-        raise InvalidLength(format(msg, length, tokens))
-    humanfriendly.InvalidLength: Failed to parse length! (input '5 Z' was tokenized as [5, 'Z'])
-    """
-
-
-class InvalidTimespan(Exception):
-
-    """
-    Raised when a string cannot be parsed into a timespan.
-
-    For example:
-
-    >>> from humanfriendly import parse_timespan
-    >>> parse_timespan('1 age')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "humanfriendly/__init__.py", line 419, in parse_timespan
-        raise InvalidTimespan(format(msg, timespan, tokens))
-    humanfriendly.InvalidTimespan: Failed to parse timespan! (input '1 age' was tokenized as [1, 'age'])
-    """
-
-
-# Define aliases for backwards compatibility.
-define_aliases(
-    module_name=__name__,
-    # In humanfriendly 1.23 the format_table() function was added to render a
-    # table using characters like dashes and vertical bars to emulate borders.
-    # Since then support for other tables has been added and the name of
-    # format_table() has changed.
-    format_table='humanfriendly.tables.format_pretty_table',
-    # In humanfriendly 1.30 the following text manipulation functions were
-    # moved out into a separate module to enable their usage in other modules
-    # of the humanfriendly package (without causing circular imports).
-    compact='humanfriendly.text.compact',
-    concatenate='humanfriendly.text.concatenate',
-    dedent='humanfriendly.text.dedent',
-    format='humanfriendly.text.format',
-    is_empty_line='humanfriendly.text.is_empty_line',
-    pluralize='humanfriendly.text.pluralize',
-    tokenize='humanfriendly.text.tokenize',
-    trim_empty_lines='humanfriendly.text.trim_empty_lines',
-    # In humanfriendly 1.38 the prompt_for_choice() function was moved out into a
-    # separate module because several variants of interactive prompts were added.
-    prompt_for_choice='humanfriendly.prompts.prompt_for_choice',
-    # In humanfriendly 8.0 the Spinner class and minimum_spinner_interval
-    # variable were extracted to a new module and the erase_line_code,
-    # hide_cursor_code and show_cursor_code variables were moved.
-    AutomaticSpinner='humanfriendly.terminal.spinners.AutomaticSpinner',
-    Spinner='humanfriendly.terminal.spinners.Spinner',
-    erase_line_code='humanfriendly.terminal.ANSI_ERASE_LINE',
-    hide_cursor_code='humanfriendly.terminal.ANSI_SHOW_CURSOR',
-    minimum_spinner_interval='humanfriendly.terminal.spinners.MINIMUM_INTERVAL',
-    show_cursor_code='humanfriendly.terminal.ANSI_HIDE_CURSOR',
-)