annotate env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/approximation/treewidth.py @ 0:4f3585e2f14b draft default tip

"planemo upload commit 60cee0fc7c0cda8592644e1aad72851dec82c959"
author shellac
date Mon, 22 Mar 2021 18:12:50 +0000
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1 """Functions for computing treewidth decomposition.
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2
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3 Treewidth of an undirected graph is a number associated with the graph.
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4 It can be defined as the size of the largest vertex set (bag) in a tree
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5 decomposition of the graph minus one.
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6
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7 `Wikipedia: Treewidth <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treewidth>`_
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8
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9 The notions of treewidth and tree decomposition have gained their
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10 attractiveness partly because many graph and network problems that are
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11 intractable (e.g., NP-hard) on arbitrary graphs become efficiently
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12 solvable (e.g., with a linear time algorithm) when the treewidth of the
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13 input graphs is bounded by a constant [1]_ [2]_.
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14
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15 There are two different functions for computing a tree decomposition:
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16 :func:`treewidth_min_degree` and :func:`treewidth_min_fill_in`.
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17
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18 .. [1] Hans L. Bodlaender and Arie M. C. A. Koster. 2010. "Treewidth
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19 computations I.Upper bounds". Inf. Comput. 208, 3 (March 2010),259-275.
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20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2009.03.008
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21
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22 .. [2] Hans L. Bodlaender. "Discovering Treewidth". Institute of Information
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23 and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University.
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24 Technical Report UU-CS-2005-018.
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25 http://www.cs.uu.nl
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26
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27 .. [3] K. Wang, Z. Lu, and J. Hicks *Treewidth*.
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28 http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~cphillip/cs594_spring2015_projects/treewidth.pdf
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29
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30 """
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31
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32 import sys
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33
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34 import networkx as nx
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35 from networkx.utils import not_implemented_for
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36 from heapq import heappush, heappop, heapify
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37 import itertools
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38
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39 __all__ = ["treewidth_min_degree", "treewidth_min_fill_in"]
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40
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41
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42 @not_implemented_for("directed")
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43 @not_implemented_for("multigraph")
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44 def treewidth_min_degree(G):
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45 """ Returns a treewidth decomposition using the Minimum Degree heuristic.
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46
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47 The heuristic chooses the nodes according to their degree, i.e., first
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48 the node with the lowest degree is chosen, then the graph is updated
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49 and the corresponding node is removed. Next, a new node with the lowest
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50 degree is chosen, and so on.
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51
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52 Parameters
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53 ----------
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54 G : NetworkX graph
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55
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56 Returns
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57 -------
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58 Treewidth decomposition : (int, Graph) tuple
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59 2-tuple with treewidth and the corresponding decomposed tree.
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60 """
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61 deg_heuristic = MinDegreeHeuristic(G)
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62 return treewidth_decomp(G, lambda graph: deg_heuristic.best_node(graph))
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63
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64
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65 @not_implemented_for("directed")
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66 @not_implemented_for("multigraph")
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67 def treewidth_min_fill_in(G):
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68 """ Returns a treewidth decomposition using the Minimum Fill-in heuristic.
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69
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70 The heuristic chooses a node from the graph, where the number of edges
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71 added turning the neighbourhood of the chosen node into clique is as
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72 small as possible.
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73
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74 Parameters
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75 ----------
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76 G : NetworkX graph
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77
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78 Returns
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79 -------
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80 Treewidth decomposition : (int, Graph) tuple
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81 2-tuple with treewidth and the corresponding decomposed tree.
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82 """
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83 return treewidth_decomp(G, min_fill_in_heuristic)
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84
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85
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86 class MinDegreeHeuristic:
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87 """ Implements the Minimum Degree heuristic.
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88
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89 The heuristic chooses the nodes according to their degree
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90 (number of neighbours), i.e., first the node with the lowest degree is
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91 chosen, then the graph is updated and the corresponding node is
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92 removed. Next, a new node with the lowest degree is chosen, and so on.
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93 """
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94
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95 def __init__(self, graph):
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96 self._graph = graph
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97
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98 # nodes that have to be updated in the heap before each iteration
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99 self._update_nodes = []
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100
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101 self._degreeq = [] # a heapq with 2-tuples (degree,node)
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102
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103 # build heap with initial degrees
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104 for n in graph:
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105 self._degreeq.append((len(graph[n]), n))
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106 heapify(self._degreeq)
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107
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108 def best_node(self, graph):
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109 # update nodes in self._update_nodes
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110 for n in self._update_nodes:
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111 # insert changed degrees into degreeq
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112 heappush(self._degreeq, (len(graph[n]), n))
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113
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114 # get the next valid (minimum degree) node
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115 while self._degreeq:
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116 (min_degree, elim_node) = heappop(self._degreeq)
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117 if elim_node not in graph or len(graph[elim_node]) != min_degree:
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118 # outdated entry in degreeq
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119 continue
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120 elif min_degree == len(graph) - 1:
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121 # fully connected: abort condition
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122 return None
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123
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124 # remember to update nodes in the heap before getting the next node
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125 self._update_nodes = graph[elim_node]
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126 return elim_node
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127
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128 # the heap is empty: abort
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129 return None
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130
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131
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132 def min_fill_in_heuristic(graph):
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133 """ Implements the Minimum Degree heuristic.
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134
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135 Returns the node from the graph, where the number of edges added when
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136 turning the neighbourhood of the chosen node into clique is as small as
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137 possible. This algorithm chooses the nodes using the Minimum Fill-In
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138 heuristic. The running time of the algorithm is :math:`O(V^3)` and it uses
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139 additional constant memory."""
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140
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141 if len(graph) == 0:
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142 return None
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143
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144 min_fill_in_node = None
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145
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146 min_fill_in = sys.maxsize
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147
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148 # create sorted list of (degree, node)
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149 degree_list = [(len(graph[node]), node) for node in graph]
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150 degree_list.sort()
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151
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152 # abort condition
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153 min_degree = degree_list[0][0]
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154 if min_degree == len(graph) - 1:
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155 return None
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156
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157 for (_, node) in degree_list:
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158 num_fill_in = 0
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159 nbrs = graph[node]
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160 for nbr in nbrs:
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161 # count how many nodes in nbrs current nbr is not connected to
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162 # subtract 1 for the node itself
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163 num_fill_in += len(nbrs - graph[nbr]) - 1
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164 if num_fill_in >= 2 * min_fill_in:
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165 break
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166
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167 num_fill_in /= 2 # divide by 2 because of double counting
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168
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169 if num_fill_in < min_fill_in: # update min-fill-in node
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170 if num_fill_in == 0:
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171 return node
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172 min_fill_in = num_fill_in
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173 min_fill_in_node = node
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174
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175 return min_fill_in_node
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176
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177
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178 def treewidth_decomp(G, heuristic=min_fill_in_heuristic):
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179 """ Returns a treewidth decomposition using the passed heuristic.
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180
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181 Parameters
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182 ----------
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183 G : NetworkX graph
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184 heuristic : heuristic function
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185
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186 Returns
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187 -------
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188 Treewidth decomposition : (int, Graph) tuple
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189 2-tuple with treewidth and the corresponding decomposed tree.
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190 """
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191
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192 # make dict-of-sets structure
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193 graph = {n: set(G[n]) - {n} for n in G}
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194
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195 # stack containing nodes and neighbors in the order from the heuristic
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196 node_stack = []
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197
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198 # get first node from heuristic
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199 elim_node = heuristic(graph)
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200 while elim_node is not None:
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201 # connect all neighbours with each other
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202 nbrs = graph[elim_node]
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203 for u, v in itertools.permutations(nbrs, 2):
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204 if v not in graph[u]:
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205 graph[u].add(v)
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206
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207 # push node and its current neighbors on stack
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208 node_stack.append((elim_node, nbrs))
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209
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210 # remove node from graph
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211 for u in graph[elim_node]:
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212 graph[u].remove(elim_node)
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213
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214 del graph[elim_node]
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215 elim_node = heuristic(graph)
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216
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217 # the abort condition is met; put all remaining nodes into one bag
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218 decomp = nx.Graph()
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219 first_bag = frozenset(graph.keys())
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220 decomp.add_node(first_bag)
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221
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222 treewidth = len(first_bag) - 1
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223
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224 while node_stack:
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225 # get node and its neighbors from the stack
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226 (curr_node, nbrs) = node_stack.pop()
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227
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228 # find a bag all neighbors are in
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229 old_bag = None
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230 for bag in decomp.nodes:
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231 if nbrs <= bag:
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232 old_bag = bag
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233 break
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234
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235 if old_bag is None:
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236 # no old_bag was found: just connect to the first_bag
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237 old_bag = first_bag
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238
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239 # create new node for decomposition
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240 nbrs.add(curr_node)
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241 new_bag = frozenset(nbrs)
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242
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243 # update treewidth
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244 treewidth = max(treewidth, len(new_bag) - 1)
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245
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246 # add edge to decomposition (implicitly also adds the new node)
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247 decomp.add_edge(old_bag, new_bag)
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248
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249 return treewidth, decomp