Mercurial > repos > shellac > sam_consensus_v3
annotate env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/humanfriendly/text.py @ 0:4f3585e2f14b draft default tip
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author | shellac |
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date | Mon, 22 Mar 2021 18:12:50 +0000 |
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1 # Human friendly input/output in Python. |
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2 # |
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3 # Author: Peter Odding <peter@peterodding.com> |
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4 # Last Change: December 1, 2020 |
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5 # URL: https://humanfriendly.readthedocs.io |
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6 |
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7 """ |
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8 Simple text manipulation functions. |
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9 |
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10 The :mod:`~humanfriendly.text` module contains simple functions to manipulate text: |
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11 |
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12 - The :func:`concatenate()` and :func:`pluralize()` functions make it easy to |
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13 generate human friendly output. |
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14 |
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15 - The :func:`format()`, :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions |
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16 provide a clean and simple to use syntax for composing large text fragments |
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17 with interpolated variables. |
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18 |
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19 - The :func:`tokenize()` function parses simple user input. |
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20 """ |
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21 |
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22 # Standard library modules. |
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23 import numbers |
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24 import random |
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25 import re |
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26 import string |
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27 import textwrap |
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28 |
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29 # Public identifiers that require documentation. |
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30 __all__ = ( |
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31 'compact', |
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32 'compact_empty_lines', |
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33 'concatenate', |
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34 'dedent', |
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35 'format', |
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36 'generate_slug', |
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37 'is_empty_line', |
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38 'join_lines', |
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39 'pluralize', |
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40 'pluralize_raw', |
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41 'random_string', |
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42 'split', |
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43 'split_paragraphs', |
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44 'tokenize', |
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45 'trim_empty_lines', |
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46 ) |
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47 |
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48 |
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49 def compact(text, *args, **kw): |
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50 ''' |
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51 Compact whitespace in a string. |
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52 |
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53 Trims leading and trailing whitespace, replaces runs of whitespace |
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54 characters with a single space and interpolates any arguments using |
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55 :func:`format()`. |
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56 |
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57 :param text: The text to compact (a string). |
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58 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`. |
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59 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`. |
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60 :returns: The compacted text (a string). |
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61 |
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62 Here's an example of how I like to use the :func:`compact()` function, this |
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63 is an example from a random unrelated project I'm working on at the moment:: |
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64 |
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65 raise PortDiscoveryError(compact(""" |
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66 Failed to discover port(s) that Apache is listening on! |
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67 Maybe I'm parsing the wrong configuration file? ({filename}) |
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68 """, filename=self.ports_config)) |
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69 |
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70 The combination of :func:`compact()` and Python's multi line strings allows |
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71 me to write long text fragments with interpolated variables that are easy |
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72 to write, easy to read and work well with Python's whitespace |
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73 sensitivity. |
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74 ''' |
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75 non_whitespace_tokens = text.split() |
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76 compacted_text = ' '.join(non_whitespace_tokens) |
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77 return format(compacted_text, *args, **kw) |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 def compact_empty_lines(text): |
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81 """ |
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82 Replace repeating empty lines with a single empty line (similar to ``cat -s``). |
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83 |
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84 :param text: The text in which to compact empty lines (a string). |
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85 :returns: The text with empty lines compacted (a string). |
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86 """ |
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87 i = 0 |
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88 lines = text.splitlines(True) |
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89 while i < len(lines): |
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90 if i > 0 and is_empty_line(lines[i - 1]) and is_empty_line(lines[i]): |
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91 lines.pop(i) |
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92 else: |
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93 i += 1 |
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94 return ''.join(lines) |
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95 |
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96 |
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97 def concatenate(items, conjunction='and', serial_comma=False): |
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98 """ |
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99 Concatenate a list of items in a human friendly way. |
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100 |
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101 :param items: |
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102 |
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103 A sequence of strings. |
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104 |
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105 :param conjunction: |
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106 |
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107 The word to use before the last item (a string, defaults to "and"). |
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108 |
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109 :param serial_comma: |
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110 |
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111 :data:`True` to use a `serial comma`_, :data:`False` otherwise |
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112 (defaults to :data:`False`). |
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113 |
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114 :returns: |
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115 |
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116 A single string. |
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117 |
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118 >>> from humanfriendly.text import concatenate |
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119 >>> concatenate(["eggs", "milk", "bread"]) |
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120 'eggs, milk and bread' |
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121 |
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122 .. _serial comma: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_comma |
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123 """ |
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124 items = list(items) |
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125 if len(items) > 1: |
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126 final_item = items.pop() |
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127 formatted = ', '.join(items) |
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128 if serial_comma: |
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129 formatted += ',' |
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130 return ' '.join([formatted, conjunction, final_item]) |
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131 elif items: |
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132 return items[0] |
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133 else: |
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134 return '' |
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135 |
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136 |
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137 def dedent(text, *args, **kw): |
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138 """ |
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139 Dedent a string (remove common leading whitespace from all lines). |
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140 |
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141 Removes common leading whitespace from all lines in the string using |
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142 :func:`textwrap.dedent()`, removes leading and trailing empty lines using |
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143 :func:`trim_empty_lines()` and interpolates any arguments using |
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144 :func:`format()`. |
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145 |
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146 :param text: The text to dedent (a string). |
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147 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`. |
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148 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`. |
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149 :returns: The dedented text (a string). |
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150 |
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151 The :func:`compact()` function's documentation contains an example of how I |
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152 like to use the :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions. The main |
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153 difference is that I use :func:`compact()` for text that will be presented |
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154 to the user (where whitespace is not so significant) and :func:`dedent()` |
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155 for data file and code generation tasks (where newlines and indentation are |
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156 very significant). |
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157 """ |
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158 dedented_text = textwrap.dedent(text) |
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159 trimmed_text = trim_empty_lines(dedented_text) |
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160 return format(trimmed_text, *args, **kw) |
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161 |
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162 |
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163 def format(text, *args, **kw): |
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164 """ |
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165 Format a string using the string formatting operator and/or :meth:`str.format()`. |
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166 |
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167 :param text: The text to format (a string). |
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168 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated into the text using |
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169 the string formatting operator (``%``). If no positional |
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170 arguments are given no interpolation is done. |
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171 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated into the text using the |
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172 :meth:`str.format()` function. If no keyword arguments are given |
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173 no interpolation is done. |
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174 :returns: The text with any positional and/or keyword arguments |
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175 interpolated (a string). |
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176 |
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177 The implementation of this function is so trivial that it seems silly to |
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178 even bother writing and documenting it. Justifying this requires some |
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179 context :-). |
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180 |
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181 **Why format() instead of the string formatting operator?** |
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182 |
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183 For really simple string interpolation Python's string formatting operator |
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184 is ideal, but it does have some strange quirks: |
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185 |
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186 - When you switch from interpolating a single value to interpolating |
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187 multiple values you have to wrap them in tuple syntax. Because |
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188 :func:`format()` takes a `variable number of arguments`_ it always |
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189 receives a tuple (which saves me a context switch :-). Here's an |
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190 example: |
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191 |
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192 >>> from humanfriendly.text import format |
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193 >>> # The string formatting operator. |
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194 >>> print('the magic number is %s' % 42) |
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195 the magic number is 42 |
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196 >>> print('the magic numbers are %s and %s' % (12, 42)) |
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197 the magic numbers are 12 and 42 |
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198 >>> # The format() function. |
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199 >>> print(format('the magic number is %s', 42)) |
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200 the magic number is 42 |
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201 >>> print(format('the magic numbers are %s and %s', 12, 42)) |
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202 the magic numbers are 12 and 42 |
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203 |
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204 - When you interpolate a single value and someone accidentally passes in a |
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205 tuple your code raises a :exc:`~exceptions.TypeError`. Because |
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206 :func:`format()` takes a `variable number of arguments`_ it always |
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207 receives a tuple so this can never happen. Here's an example: |
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208 |
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209 >>> # How expecting to interpolate a single value can fail. |
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210 >>> value = (12, 42) |
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211 >>> print('the magic value is %s' % value) |
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212 Traceback (most recent call last): |
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213 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> |
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214 TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting |
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215 >>> # The following line works as intended, no surprises here! |
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216 >>> print(format('the magic value is %s', value)) |
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217 the magic value is (12, 42) |
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218 |
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219 **Why format() instead of the str.format() method?** |
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220 |
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221 When you're doing complex string interpolation the :meth:`str.format()` |
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222 function results in more readable code, however I frequently find myself |
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223 adding parentheses to force evaluation order. The :func:`format()` function |
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224 avoids this because of the relative priority between the comma and dot |
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225 operators. Here's an example: |
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226 |
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227 >>> "{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})".format(adjective='silly') |
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228 "{adjective} example (can't think of anything less silly)" |
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229 >>> ("{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})").format(adjective='silly') |
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230 "silly example (can't think of anything less silly)" |
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231 >>> format("{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})", adjective='silly') |
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232 "silly example (can't think of anything less silly)" |
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233 |
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234 The :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions are wrappers that |
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235 combine :func:`format()` with whitespace manipulation to make it easy to |
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236 write nice to read Python code. |
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237 |
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238 .. _variable number of arguments: https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists |
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239 """ |
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240 if args: |
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241 text %= args |
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242 if kw: |
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243 text = text.format(**kw) |
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244 return text |
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245 |
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246 |
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247 def generate_slug(text, delimiter="-"): |
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248 """ |
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249 Convert text to a normalized "slug" without whitespace. |
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250 |
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251 :param text: The original text, for example ``Some Random Text!``. |
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252 :param delimiter: The delimiter used to separate words |
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253 (defaults to the ``-`` character). |
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254 :returns: The slug text, for example ``some-random-text``. |
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255 :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.ValueError` when the provided |
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256 text is nonempty but results in an empty slug. |
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257 """ |
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258 slug = text.lower() |
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259 escaped = delimiter.replace("\\", "\\\\") |
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260 slug = re.sub("[^a-z0-9]+", escaped, slug) |
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261 slug = slug.strip(delimiter) |
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262 if text and not slug: |
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263 msg = "The provided text %r results in an empty slug!" |
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264 raise ValueError(format(msg, text)) |
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265 return slug |
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266 |
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267 |
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268 def is_empty_line(text): |
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269 """ |
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270 Check if a text is empty or contains only whitespace. |
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271 |
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272 :param text: The text to check for "emptiness" (a string). |
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273 :returns: :data:`True` if the text is empty or contains only whitespace, |
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274 :data:`False` otherwise. |
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275 """ |
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276 return len(text) == 0 or text.isspace() |
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277 |
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278 |
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279 def join_lines(text): |
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280 """ |
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281 Remove "hard wrapping" from the paragraphs in a string. |
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282 |
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283 :param text: The text to reformat (a string). |
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284 :returns: The text without hard wrapping (a string). |
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285 |
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286 This function works by removing line breaks when the last character before |
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287 a line break and the first character after the line break are both |
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288 non-whitespace characters. This means that common leading indentation will |
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289 break :func:`join_lines()` (in that case you can use :func:`dedent()` |
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290 before calling :func:`join_lines()`). |
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291 """ |
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292 return re.sub(r'(\S)\n(\S)', r'\1 \2', text) |
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293 |
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294 |
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295 def pluralize(count, singular, plural=None): |
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296 """ |
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297 Combine a count with the singular or plural form of a word. |
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298 |
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299 :param count: The count (a number). |
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300 :param singular: The singular form of the word (a string). |
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301 :param plural: The plural form of the word (a string or :data:`None`). |
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302 :returns: The count and singular or plural word concatenated (a string). |
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303 |
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304 See :func:`pluralize_raw()` for the logic underneath :func:`pluralize()`. |
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305 """ |
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306 return '%s %s' % (count, pluralize_raw(count, singular, plural)) |
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307 |
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308 |
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309 def pluralize_raw(count, singular, plural=None): |
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310 """ |
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311 Select the singular or plural form of a word based on a count. |
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312 |
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313 :param count: The count (a number). |
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314 :param singular: The singular form of the word (a string). |
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315 :param plural: The plural form of the word (a string or :data:`None`). |
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316 :returns: The singular or plural form of the word (a string). |
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317 |
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318 When the given count is exactly 1.0 the singular form of the word is |
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319 selected, in all other cases the plural form of the word is selected. |
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320 |
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321 If the plural form of the word is not provided it is obtained by |
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322 concatenating the singular form of the word with the letter "s". Of course |
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323 this will not always be correct, which is why you have the option to |
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324 specify both forms. |
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325 """ |
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326 if not plural: |
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327 plural = singular + 's' |
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328 return singular if float(count) == 1.0 else plural |
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329 |
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330 |
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331 def random_string(length=(25, 100), characters=string.ascii_letters): |
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332 """random_string(length=(25, 100), characters=string.ascii_letters) |
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333 Generate a random string. |
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334 |
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335 :param length: The length of the string to be generated (a number or a |
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336 tuple with two numbers). If this is a tuple then a random |
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337 number between the two numbers given in the tuple is used. |
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338 :param characters: The characters to be used (a string, defaults |
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339 to :data:`string.ascii_letters`). |
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340 :returns: A random string. |
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341 |
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342 The :func:`random_string()` function is very useful in test suites; by the |
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343 time I included it in :mod:`humanfriendly.text` I had already included |
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344 variants of this function in seven different test suites :-). |
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345 """ |
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346 if not isinstance(length, numbers.Number): |
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347 length = random.randint(length[0], length[1]) |
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348 return ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length)) |
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349 |
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350 |
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351 def split(text, delimiter=','): |
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352 """ |
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353 Split a comma-separated list of strings. |
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354 |
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355 :param text: The text to split (a string). |
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356 :param delimiter: The delimiter to split on (a string). |
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357 :returns: A list of zero or more nonempty strings. |
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358 |
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359 Here's the default behavior of Python's built in :meth:`str.split()` |
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360 function: |
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361 |
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362 >>> 'foo,bar, baz,'.split(',') |
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363 ['foo', 'bar', ' baz', ''] |
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364 |
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365 In contrast here's the default behavior of the :func:`split()` function: |
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366 |
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367 >>> from humanfriendly.text import split |
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368 >>> split('foo,bar, baz,') |
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369 ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'] |
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370 |
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371 Here is an example that parses a nested data structure (a mapping of |
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372 logging level names to one or more styles per level) that's encoded in a |
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373 string so it can be set as an environment variable: |
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374 |
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375 >>> from pprint import pprint |
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376 >>> encoded_data = 'debug=green;warning=yellow;error=red;critical=red,bold' |
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377 >>> parsed_data = dict((k, split(v, ',')) for k, v in (split(kv, '=') for kv in split(encoded_data, ';'))) |
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378 >>> pprint(parsed_data) |
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379 {'debug': ['green'], |
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380 'warning': ['yellow'], |
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381 'error': ['red'], |
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382 'critical': ['red', 'bold']} |
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383 """ |
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384 return [token.strip() for token in text.split(delimiter) if token and not token.isspace()] |
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385 |
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386 |
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387 def split_paragraphs(text): |
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388 """ |
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389 Split a string into paragraphs (one or more lines delimited by an empty line). |
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390 |
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391 :param text: The text to split into paragraphs (a string). |
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392 :returns: A list of strings. |
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393 """ |
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394 paragraphs = [] |
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395 for chunk in text.split('\n\n'): |
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396 chunk = trim_empty_lines(chunk) |
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397 if chunk and not chunk.isspace(): |
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398 paragraphs.append(chunk) |
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399 return paragraphs |
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400 |
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401 |
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402 def tokenize(text): |
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403 """ |
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404 Tokenize a text into numbers and strings. |
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405 |
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406 :param text: The text to tokenize (a string). |
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407 :returns: A list of strings and/or numbers. |
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408 |
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409 This function is used to implement robust tokenization of user input in |
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410 functions like :func:`.parse_size()` and :func:`.parse_timespan()`. It |
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411 automatically coerces integer and floating point numbers, ignores |
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412 whitespace and knows how to separate numbers from strings even without |
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413 whitespace. Some examples to make this more concrete: |
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414 |
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415 >>> from humanfriendly.text import tokenize |
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416 >>> tokenize('42') |
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417 [42] |
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418 >>> tokenize('42MB') |
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419 [42, 'MB'] |
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420 >>> tokenize('42.5MB') |
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421 [42.5, 'MB'] |
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422 >>> tokenize('42.5 MB') |
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423 [42.5, 'MB'] |
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424 """ |
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425 tokenized_input = [] |
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426 for token in re.split(r'(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)', text): |
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427 token = token.strip() |
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428 if re.match(r'\d+\.\d+', token): |
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429 tokenized_input.append(float(token)) |
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430 elif token.isdigit(): |
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431 tokenized_input.append(int(token)) |
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432 elif token: |
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433 tokenized_input.append(token) |
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434 return tokenized_input |
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435 |
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436 |
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437 def trim_empty_lines(text): |
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438 """ |
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439 Trim leading and trailing empty lines from the given text. |
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440 |
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441 :param text: The text to trim (a string). |
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442 :returns: The trimmed text (a string). |
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443 """ |
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444 lines = text.splitlines(True) |
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445 while lines and is_empty_line(lines[0]): |
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446 lines.pop(0) |
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447 while lines and is_empty_line(lines[-1]): |
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448 lines.pop(-1) |
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449 return ''.join(lines) |