Mercurial > repos > shellac > sam_consensus_v3
annotate env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/networkx/classes/graph.py @ 0:4f3585e2f14b draft default tip
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author | shellac |
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date | Mon, 22 Mar 2021 18:12:50 +0000 |
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1 """Base class for undirected graphs. |
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2 |
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3 The Graph class allows any hashable object as a node |
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4 and can associate key/value attribute pairs with each undirected edge. |
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5 |
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6 Self-loops are allowed but multiple edges are not (see MultiGraph). |
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7 |
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8 For directed graphs see DiGraph and MultiDiGraph. |
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9 """ |
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10 from copy import deepcopy |
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11 |
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12 import networkx as nx |
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13 from networkx.classes.coreviews import AdjacencyView |
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14 from networkx.classes.reportviews import NodeView, EdgeView, DegreeView |
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15 from networkx.exception import NetworkXError |
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16 import networkx.convert as convert |
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17 |
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18 |
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19 class Graph: |
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20 """ |
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21 Base class for undirected graphs. |
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22 |
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23 A Graph stores nodes and edges with optional data, or attributes. |
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24 |
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25 Graphs hold undirected edges. Self loops are allowed but multiple |
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26 (parallel) edges are not. |
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27 |
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28 Nodes can be arbitrary (hashable) Python objects with optional |
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29 key/value attributes. By convention `None` is not used as a node. |
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30 |
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31 Edges are represented as links between nodes with optional |
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32 key/value attributes. |
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33 |
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34 Parameters |
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35 ---------- |
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36 incoming_graph_data : input graph (optional, default: None) |
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37 Data to initialize graph. If None (default) an empty |
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38 graph is created. The data can be any format that is supported |
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39 by the to_networkx_graph() function, currently including edge list, |
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40 dict of dicts, dict of lists, NetworkX graph, NumPy matrix |
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41 or 2d ndarray, SciPy sparse matrix, or PyGraphviz graph. |
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42 |
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43 attr : keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes) |
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44 Attributes to add to graph as key=value pairs. |
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45 |
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46 See Also |
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47 -------- |
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48 DiGraph |
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49 MultiGraph |
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50 MultiDiGraph |
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51 OrderedGraph |
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52 |
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53 Examples |
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54 -------- |
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55 Create an empty graph structure (a "null graph") with no nodes and |
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56 no edges. |
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57 |
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58 >>> G = nx.Graph() |
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59 |
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60 G can be grown in several ways. |
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61 |
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62 **Nodes:** |
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63 |
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64 Add one node at a time: |
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65 |
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66 >>> G.add_node(1) |
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67 |
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68 Add the nodes from any container (a list, dict, set or |
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69 even the lines from a file or the nodes from another graph). |
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70 |
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71 >>> G.add_nodes_from([2, 3]) |
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72 >>> G.add_nodes_from(range(100, 110)) |
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73 >>> H = nx.path_graph(10) |
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74 >>> G.add_nodes_from(H) |
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75 |
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76 In addition to strings and integers any hashable Python object |
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77 (except None) can represent a node, e.g. a customized node object, |
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78 or even another Graph. |
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79 |
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80 >>> G.add_node(H) |
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81 |
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82 **Edges:** |
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83 |
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84 G can also be grown by adding edges. |
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85 |
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86 Add one edge, |
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87 |
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88 >>> G.add_edge(1, 2) |
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89 |
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90 a list of edges, |
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91 |
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92 >>> G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3)]) |
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93 |
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94 or a collection of edges, |
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95 |
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96 >>> G.add_edges_from(H.edges) |
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97 |
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98 If some edges connect nodes not yet in the graph, the nodes |
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99 are added automatically. There are no errors when adding |
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100 nodes or edges that already exist. |
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101 |
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102 **Attributes:** |
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103 |
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104 Each graph, node, and edge can hold key/value attribute pairs |
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105 in an associated attribute dictionary (the keys must be hashable). |
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106 By default these are empty, but can be added or changed using |
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107 add_edge, add_node or direct manipulation of the attribute |
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108 dictionaries named graph, node and edge respectively. |
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109 |
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110 >>> G = nx.Graph(day="Friday") |
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111 >>> G.graph |
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112 {'day': 'Friday'} |
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113 |
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114 Add node attributes using add_node(), add_nodes_from() or G.nodes |
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115 |
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116 >>> G.add_node(1, time="5pm") |
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117 >>> G.add_nodes_from([3], time="2pm") |
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118 >>> G.nodes[1] |
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119 {'time': '5pm'} |
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120 >>> G.nodes[1]["room"] = 714 # node must exist already to use G.nodes |
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121 >>> del G.nodes[1]["room"] # remove attribute |
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122 >>> list(G.nodes(data=True)) |
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123 [(1, {'time': '5pm'}), (3, {'time': '2pm'})] |
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124 |
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125 Add edge attributes using add_edge(), add_edges_from(), subscript |
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126 notation, or G.edges. |
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127 |
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128 >>> G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=4.7) |
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129 >>> G.add_edges_from([(3, 4), (4, 5)], color="red") |
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130 >>> G.add_edges_from([(1, 2, {"color": "blue"}), (2, 3, {"weight": 8})]) |
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131 >>> G[1][2]["weight"] = 4.7 |
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132 >>> G.edges[1, 2]["weight"] = 4 |
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133 |
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134 Warning: we protect the graph data structure by making `G.edges` a |
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135 read-only dict-like structure. However, you can assign to attributes |
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136 in e.g. `G.edges[1, 2]`. Thus, use 2 sets of brackets to add/change |
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137 data attributes: `G.edges[1, 2]['weight'] = 4` |
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138 (For multigraphs: `MG.edges[u, v, key][name] = value`). |
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139 |
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140 **Shortcuts:** |
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141 |
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142 Many common graph features allow python syntax to speed reporting. |
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143 |
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144 >>> 1 in G # check if node in graph |
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145 True |
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146 >>> [n for n in G if n < 3] # iterate through nodes |
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147 [1, 2] |
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148 >>> len(G) # number of nodes in graph |
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149 5 |
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150 |
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151 Often the best way to traverse all edges of a graph is via the neighbors. |
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152 The neighbors are reported as an adjacency-dict `G.adj` or `G.adjacency()` |
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153 |
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154 >>> for n, nbrsdict in G.adjacency(): |
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155 ... for nbr, eattr in nbrsdict.items(): |
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156 ... if "weight" in eattr: |
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157 ... # Do something useful with the edges |
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158 ... pass |
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159 |
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160 But the edges() method is often more convenient: |
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161 |
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162 >>> for u, v, weight in G.edges.data("weight"): |
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163 ... if weight is not None: |
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164 ... # Do something useful with the edges |
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165 ... pass |
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166 |
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167 **Reporting:** |
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168 |
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169 Simple graph information is obtained using object-attributes and methods. |
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170 Reporting typically provides views instead of containers to reduce memory |
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171 usage. The views update as the graph is updated similarly to dict-views. |
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172 The objects `nodes`, `edges` and `adj` provide access to data attributes |
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173 via lookup (e.g. `nodes[n]`, `edges[u, v]`, `adj[u][v]`) and iteration |
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174 (e.g. `nodes.items()`, `nodes.data('color')`, |
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175 `nodes.data('color', default='blue')` and similarly for `edges`) |
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176 Views exist for `nodes`, `edges`, `neighbors()`/`adj` and `degree`. |
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177 |
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178 For details on these and other miscellaneous methods, see below. |
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179 |
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180 **Subclasses (Advanced):** |
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181 |
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182 The Graph class uses a dict-of-dict-of-dict data structure. |
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183 The outer dict (node_dict) holds adjacency information keyed by node. |
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184 The next dict (adjlist_dict) represents the adjacency information and holds |
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185 edge data keyed by neighbor. The inner dict (edge_attr_dict) represents |
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186 the edge data and holds edge attribute values keyed by attribute names. |
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187 |
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188 Each of these three dicts can be replaced in a subclass by a user defined |
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189 dict-like object. In general, the dict-like features should be |
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190 maintained but extra features can be added. To replace one of the |
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191 dicts create a new graph class by changing the class(!) variable |
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192 holding the factory for that dict-like structure. The variable names are |
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193 node_dict_factory, node_attr_dict_factory, adjlist_inner_dict_factory, |
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194 adjlist_outer_dict_factory, edge_attr_dict_factory and graph_attr_dict_factory. |
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195 |
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196 node_dict_factory : function, (default: dict) |
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197 Factory function to be used to create the dict containing node |
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198 attributes, keyed by node id. |
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199 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object |
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200 |
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201 node_attr_dict_factory: function, (default: dict) |
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202 Factory function to be used to create the node attribute |
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203 dict which holds attribute values keyed by attribute name. |
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204 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object |
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205 |
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206 adjlist_outer_dict_factory : function, (default: dict) |
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207 Factory function to be used to create the outer-most dict |
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208 in the data structure that holds adjacency info keyed by node. |
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209 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object. |
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210 |
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211 adjlist_inner_dict_factory : function, (default: dict) |
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212 Factory function to be used to create the adjacency list |
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213 dict which holds edge data keyed by neighbor. |
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214 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object |
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215 |
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216 edge_attr_dict_factory : function, (default: dict) |
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217 Factory function to be used to create the edge attribute |
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218 dict which holds attribute values keyed by attribute name. |
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219 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object. |
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220 |
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221 graph_attr_dict_factory : function, (default: dict) |
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222 Factory function to be used to create the graph attribute |
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223 dict which holds attribute values keyed by attribute name. |
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224 It should require no arguments and return a dict-like object. |
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225 |
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226 Typically, if your extension doesn't impact the data structure all |
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227 methods will inherit without issue except: `to_directed/to_undirected`. |
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228 By default these methods create a DiGraph/Graph class and you probably |
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229 want them to create your extension of a DiGraph/Graph. To facilitate |
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230 this we define two class variables that you can set in your subclass. |
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231 |
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232 to_directed_class : callable, (default: DiGraph or MultiDiGraph) |
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233 Class to create a new graph structure in the `to_directed` method. |
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234 If `None`, a NetworkX class (DiGraph or MultiDiGraph) is used. |
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235 |
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236 to_undirected_class : callable, (default: Graph or MultiGraph) |
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237 Class to create a new graph structure in the `to_undirected` method. |
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238 If `None`, a NetworkX class (Graph or MultiGraph) is used. |
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239 |
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240 Examples |
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241 -------- |
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242 |
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243 Create a low memory graph class that effectively disallows edge |
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244 attributes by using a single attribute dict for all edges. |
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245 This reduces the memory used, but you lose edge attributes. |
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246 |
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247 >>> class ThinGraph(nx.Graph): |
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248 ... all_edge_dict = {"weight": 1} |
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249 ... |
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250 ... def single_edge_dict(self): |
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251 ... return self.all_edge_dict |
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252 ... |
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253 ... edge_attr_dict_factory = single_edge_dict |
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254 >>> G = ThinGraph() |
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255 >>> G.add_edge(2, 1) |
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256 >>> G[2][1] |
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257 {'weight': 1} |
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258 >>> G.add_edge(2, 2) |
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259 >>> G[2][1] is G[2][2] |
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260 True |
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261 |
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262 Please see :mod:`~networkx.classes.ordered` for more examples of |
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263 creating graph subclasses by overwriting the base class `dict` with |
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264 a dictionary-like object. |
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265 """ |
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266 |
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267 node_dict_factory = dict |
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268 node_attr_dict_factory = dict |
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269 adjlist_outer_dict_factory = dict |
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270 adjlist_inner_dict_factory = dict |
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271 edge_attr_dict_factory = dict |
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272 graph_attr_dict_factory = dict |
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273 |
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274 def to_directed_class(self): |
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275 """Returns the class to use for empty directed copies. |
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276 |
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277 If you subclass the base classes, use this to designate |
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278 what directed class to use for `to_directed()` copies. |
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279 """ |
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280 return nx.DiGraph |
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281 |
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282 def to_undirected_class(self): |
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283 """Returns the class to use for empty undirected copies. |
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284 |
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285 If you subclass the base classes, use this to designate |
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286 what directed class to use for `to_directed()` copies. |
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287 """ |
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288 return Graph |
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289 |
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290 def __init__(self, incoming_graph_data=None, **attr): |
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291 """Initialize a graph with edges, name, or graph attributes. |
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292 |
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293 Parameters |
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294 ---------- |
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295 incoming_graph_data : input graph (optional, default: None) |
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296 Data to initialize graph. If None (default) an empty |
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297 graph is created. The data can be an edge list, or any |
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298 NetworkX graph object. If the corresponding optional Python |
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299 packages are installed the data can also be a NumPy matrix |
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300 or 2d ndarray, a SciPy sparse matrix, or a PyGraphviz graph. |
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301 |
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302 attr : keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes) |
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303 Attributes to add to graph as key=value pairs. |
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304 |
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305 See Also |
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306 -------- |
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307 convert |
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308 |
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309 Examples |
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310 -------- |
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311 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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312 >>> G = nx.Graph(name="my graph") |
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313 >>> e = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)] # list of edges |
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314 >>> G = nx.Graph(e) |
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315 |
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316 Arbitrary graph attribute pairs (key=value) may be assigned |
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317 |
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318 >>> G = nx.Graph(e, day="Friday") |
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319 >>> G.graph |
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320 {'day': 'Friday'} |
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321 |
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322 """ |
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323 self.graph_attr_dict_factory = self.graph_attr_dict_factory |
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324 self.node_dict_factory = self.node_dict_factory |
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325 self.node_attr_dict_factory = self.node_attr_dict_factory |
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326 self.adjlist_outer_dict_factory = self.adjlist_outer_dict_factory |
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327 self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory |
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328 self.edge_attr_dict_factory = self.edge_attr_dict_factory |
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329 |
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330 self.graph = self.graph_attr_dict_factory() # dictionary for graph attributes |
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331 self._node = self.node_dict_factory() # empty node attribute dict |
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332 self._adj = self.adjlist_outer_dict_factory() # empty adjacency dict |
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333 # attempt to load graph with data |
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334 if incoming_graph_data is not None: |
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335 convert.to_networkx_graph(incoming_graph_data, create_using=self) |
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336 # load graph attributes (must be after convert) |
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337 self.graph.update(attr) |
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338 |
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339 @property |
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340 def adj(self): |
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341 """Graph adjacency object holding the neighbors of each node. |
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342 |
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343 This object is a read-only dict-like structure with node keys |
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344 and neighbor-dict values. The neighbor-dict is keyed by neighbor |
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345 to the edge-data-dict. So `G.adj[3][2]['color'] = 'blue'` sets |
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346 the color of the edge `(3, 2)` to `"blue"`. |
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347 |
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348 Iterating over G.adj behaves like a dict. Useful idioms include |
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349 `for nbr, datadict in G.adj[n].items():`. |
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350 |
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351 The neighbor information is also provided by subscripting the graph. |
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352 So `for nbr, foovalue in G[node].data('foo', default=1):` works. |
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353 |
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354 For directed graphs, `G.adj` holds outgoing (successor) info. |
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355 """ |
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356 return AdjacencyView(self._adj) |
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357 |
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358 @property |
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359 def name(self): |
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360 """String identifier of the graph. |
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361 |
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362 This graph attribute appears in the attribute dict G.graph |
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363 keyed by the string `"name"`. as well as an attribute (technically |
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364 a property) `G.name`. This is entirely user controlled. |
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365 """ |
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366 return self.graph.get("name", "") |
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367 |
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368 @name.setter |
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369 def name(self, s): |
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370 self.graph["name"] = s |
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371 |
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372 def __str__(self): |
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373 """Returns the graph name. |
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374 |
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375 Returns |
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376 ------- |
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377 name : string |
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378 The name of the graph. |
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379 |
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380 Examples |
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381 -------- |
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382 >>> G = nx.Graph(name="foo") |
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383 >>> str(G) |
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384 'foo' |
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385 """ |
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386 return self.name |
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387 |
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388 def __iter__(self): |
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389 """Iterate over the nodes. Use: 'for n in G'. |
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390 |
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391 Returns |
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392 ------- |
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393 niter : iterator |
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394 An iterator over all nodes in the graph. |
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395 |
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396 Examples |
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397 -------- |
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398 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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399 >>> [n for n in G] |
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400 [0, 1, 2, 3] |
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401 >>> list(G) |
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402 [0, 1, 2, 3] |
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403 """ |
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404 return iter(self._node) |
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405 |
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406 def __contains__(self, n): |
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407 """Returns True if n is a node, False otherwise. Use: 'n in G'. |
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408 |
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409 Examples |
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410 -------- |
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411 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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412 >>> 1 in G |
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413 True |
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414 """ |
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415 try: |
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416 return n in self._node |
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417 except TypeError: |
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418 return False |
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419 |
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420 def __len__(self): |
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421 """Returns the number of nodes in the graph. Use: 'len(G)'. |
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422 |
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423 Returns |
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424 ------- |
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425 nnodes : int |
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426 The number of nodes in the graph. |
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427 |
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428 See Also |
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429 -------- |
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430 number_of_nodes, order which are identical |
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431 |
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432 Examples |
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433 -------- |
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434 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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435 >>> len(G) |
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436 4 |
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437 |
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438 """ |
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439 return len(self._node) |
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440 |
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441 def __getitem__(self, n): |
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442 """Returns a dict of neighbors of node n. Use: 'G[n]'. |
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443 |
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444 Parameters |
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445 ---------- |
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446 n : node |
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447 A node in the graph. |
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448 |
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449 Returns |
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450 ------- |
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451 adj_dict : dictionary |
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452 The adjacency dictionary for nodes connected to n. |
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453 |
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454 Notes |
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455 ----- |
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456 G[n] is the same as G.adj[n] and similar to G.neighbors(n) |
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457 (which is an iterator over G.adj[n]) |
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458 |
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459 Examples |
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460 -------- |
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461 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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462 >>> G[0] |
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463 AtlasView({1: {}}) |
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464 """ |
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465 return self.adj[n] |
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466 |
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467 def add_node(self, node_for_adding, **attr): |
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468 """Add a single node `node_for_adding` and update node attributes. |
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469 |
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470 Parameters |
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471 ---------- |
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472 node_for_adding : node |
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473 A node can be any hashable Python object except None. |
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474 attr : keyword arguments, optional |
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475 Set or change node attributes using key=value. |
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476 |
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477 See Also |
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478 -------- |
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479 add_nodes_from |
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480 |
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481 Examples |
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482 -------- |
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483 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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484 >>> G.add_node(1) |
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485 >>> G.add_node("Hello") |
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486 >>> K3 = nx.Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]) |
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487 >>> G.add_node(K3) |
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488 >>> G.number_of_nodes() |
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489 3 |
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490 |
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491 Use keywords set/change node attributes: |
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492 |
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493 >>> G.add_node(1, size=10) |
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494 >>> G.add_node(3, weight=0.4, UTM=("13S", 382871, 3972649)) |
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495 |
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496 Notes |
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497 ----- |
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498 A hashable object is one that can be used as a key in a Python |
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499 dictionary. This includes strings, numbers, tuples of strings |
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500 and numbers, etc. |
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501 |
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502 On many platforms hashable items also include mutables such as |
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503 NetworkX Graphs, though one should be careful that the hash |
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504 doesn't change on mutables. |
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505 """ |
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506 if node_for_adding not in self._node: |
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507 self._adj[node_for_adding] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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508 attr_dict = self._node[node_for_adding] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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509 attr_dict.update(attr) |
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510 else: # update attr even if node already exists |
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511 self._node[node_for_adding].update(attr) |
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512 |
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513 def add_nodes_from(self, nodes_for_adding, **attr): |
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514 """Add multiple nodes. |
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515 |
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516 Parameters |
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517 ---------- |
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518 nodes_for_adding : iterable container |
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519 A container of nodes (list, dict, set, etc.). |
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520 OR |
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521 A container of (node, attribute dict) tuples. |
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522 Node attributes are updated using the attribute dict. |
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523 attr : keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes) |
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524 Update attributes for all nodes in nodes. |
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525 Node attributes specified in nodes as a tuple take |
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526 precedence over attributes specified via keyword arguments. |
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527 |
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528 See Also |
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529 -------- |
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530 add_node |
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531 |
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532 Examples |
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533 -------- |
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534 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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535 >>> G.add_nodes_from("Hello") |
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536 >>> K3 = nx.Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]) |
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537 >>> G.add_nodes_from(K3) |
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538 >>> sorted(G.nodes(), key=str) |
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539 [0, 1, 2, 'H', 'e', 'l', 'o'] |
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540 |
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541 Use keywords to update specific node attributes for every node. |
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542 |
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543 >>> G.add_nodes_from([1, 2], size=10) |
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544 >>> G.add_nodes_from([3, 4], weight=0.4) |
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545 |
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546 Use (node, attrdict) tuples to update attributes for specific nodes. |
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547 |
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548 >>> G.add_nodes_from([(1, dict(size=11)), (2, {"color": "blue"})]) |
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549 >>> G.nodes[1]["size"] |
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550 11 |
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551 >>> H = nx.Graph() |
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552 >>> H.add_nodes_from(G.nodes(data=True)) |
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553 >>> H.nodes[1]["size"] |
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554 11 |
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555 |
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556 """ |
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557 for n in nodes_for_adding: |
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558 # keep all this inside try/except because |
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559 # CPython throws TypeError on n not in self._node, |
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560 # while pre-2.7.5 ironpython throws on self._adj[n] |
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561 try: |
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562 if n not in self._node: |
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563 self._adj[n] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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564 attr_dict = self._node[n] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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565 attr_dict.update(attr) |
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566 else: |
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567 self._node[n].update(attr) |
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568 except TypeError: |
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569 nn, ndict = n |
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570 if nn not in self._node: |
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571 self._adj[nn] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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572 newdict = attr.copy() |
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573 newdict.update(ndict) |
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574 attr_dict = self._node[nn] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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575 attr_dict.update(newdict) |
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576 else: |
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577 olddict = self._node[nn] |
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578 olddict.update(attr) |
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579 olddict.update(ndict) |
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580 |
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581 def remove_node(self, n): |
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582 """Remove node n. |
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583 |
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584 Removes the node n and all adjacent edges. |
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585 Attempting to remove a non-existent node will raise an exception. |
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586 |
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587 Parameters |
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588 ---------- |
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589 n : node |
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590 A node in the graph |
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591 |
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592 Raises |
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593 ------- |
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594 NetworkXError |
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595 If n is not in the graph. |
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596 |
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597 See Also |
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598 -------- |
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599 remove_nodes_from |
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600 |
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601 Examples |
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602 -------- |
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603 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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604 >>> list(G.edges) |
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605 [(0, 1), (1, 2)] |
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606 >>> G.remove_node(1) |
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607 >>> list(G.edges) |
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608 [] |
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609 |
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610 """ |
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611 adj = self._adj |
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612 try: |
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613 nbrs = list(adj[n]) # list handles self-loops (allows mutation) |
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614 del self._node[n] |
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615 except KeyError as e: # NetworkXError if n not in self |
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616 raise NetworkXError(f"The node {n} is not in the graph.") from e |
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617 for u in nbrs: |
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618 del adj[u][n] # remove all edges n-u in graph |
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619 del adj[n] # now remove node |
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620 |
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621 def remove_nodes_from(self, nodes): |
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622 """Remove multiple nodes. |
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623 |
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624 Parameters |
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625 ---------- |
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626 nodes : iterable container |
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627 A container of nodes (list, dict, set, etc.). If a node |
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628 in the container is not in the graph it is silently |
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629 ignored. |
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630 |
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631 See Also |
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632 -------- |
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633 remove_node |
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634 |
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635 Examples |
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636 -------- |
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637 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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638 >>> e = list(G.nodes) |
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639 >>> e |
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640 [0, 1, 2] |
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641 >>> G.remove_nodes_from(e) |
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642 >>> list(G.nodes) |
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643 [] |
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644 |
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645 """ |
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646 adj = self._adj |
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647 for n in nodes: |
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648 try: |
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649 del self._node[n] |
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650 for u in list(adj[n]): # list handles self-loops |
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651 del adj[u][n] # (allows mutation of dict in loop) |
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652 del adj[n] |
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653 except KeyError: |
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654 pass |
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655 |
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656 @property |
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657 def nodes(self): |
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658 """A NodeView of the Graph as G.nodes or G.nodes(). |
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659 |
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660 Can be used as `G.nodes` for data lookup and for set-like operations. |
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661 Can also be used as `G.nodes(data='color', default=None)` to return a |
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662 NodeDataView which reports specific node data but no set operations. |
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663 It presents a dict-like interface as well with `G.nodes.items()` |
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664 iterating over `(node, nodedata)` 2-tuples and `G.nodes[3]['foo']` |
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665 providing the value of the `foo` attribute for node `3`. In addition, |
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666 a view `G.nodes.data('foo')` provides a dict-like interface to the |
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667 `foo` attribute of each node. `G.nodes.data('foo', default=1)` |
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668 provides a default for nodes that do not have attribute `foo`. |
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669 |
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670 Parameters |
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671 ---------- |
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672 data : string or bool, optional (default=False) |
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673 The node attribute returned in 2-tuple (n, ddict[data]). |
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674 If True, return entire node attribute dict as (n, ddict). |
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675 If False, return just the nodes n. |
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676 |
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677 default : value, optional (default=None) |
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678 Value used for nodes that don't have the requested attribute. |
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679 Only relevant if data is not True or False. |
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680 |
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681 Returns |
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682 ------- |
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683 NodeView |
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684 Allows set-like operations over the nodes as well as node |
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685 attribute dict lookup and calling to get a NodeDataView. |
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686 A NodeDataView iterates over `(n, data)` and has no set operations. |
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687 A NodeView iterates over `n` and includes set operations. |
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688 |
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689 When called, if data is False, an iterator over nodes. |
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690 Otherwise an iterator of 2-tuples (node, attribute value) |
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691 where the attribute is specified in `data`. |
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692 If data is True then the attribute becomes the |
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693 entire data dictionary. |
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694 |
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695 Notes |
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696 ----- |
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697 If your node data is not needed, it is simpler and equivalent |
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698 to use the expression ``for n in G``, or ``list(G)``. |
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699 |
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700 Examples |
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701 -------- |
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702 There are two simple ways of getting a list of all nodes in the graph: |
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703 |
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704 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) |
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705 >>> list(G.nodes) |
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706 [0, 1, 2] |
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707 >>> list(G) |
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708 [0, 1, 2] |
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709 |
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710 To get the node data along with the nodes: |
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711 |
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712 >>> G.add_node(1, time="5pm") |
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713 >>> G.nodes[0]["foo"] = "bar" |
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714 >>> list(G.nodes(data=True)) |
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715 [(0, {'foo': 'bar'}), (1, {'time': '5pm'}), (2, {})] |
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716 >>> list(G.nodes.data()) |
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717 [(0, {'foo': 'bar'}), (1, {'time': '5pm'}), (2, {})] |
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718 |
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719 >>> list(G.nodes(data="foo")) |
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720 [(0, 'bar'), (1, None), (2, None)] |
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721 >>> list(G.nodes.data("foo")) |
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722 [(0, 'bar'), (1, None), (2, None)] |
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723 |
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724 >>> list(G.nodes(data="time")) |
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725 [(0, None), (1, '5pm'), (2, None)] |
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726 >>> list(G.nodes.data("time")) |
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727 [(0, None), (1, '5pm'), (2, None)] |
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728 |
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729 >>> list(G.nodes(data="time", default="Not Available")) |
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730 [(0, 'Not Available'), (1, '5pm'), (2, 'Not Available')] |
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731 >>> list(G.nodes.data("time", default="Not Available")) |
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732 [(0, 'Not Available'), (1, '5pm'), (2, 'Not Available')] |
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733 |
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734 If some of your nodes have an attribute and the rest are assumed |
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735 to have a default attribute value you can create a dictionary |
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736 from node/attribute pairs using the `default` keyword argument |
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737 to guarantee the value is never None:: |
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738 |
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739 >>> G = nx.Graph() |
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740 >>> G.add_node(0) |
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741 >>> G.add_node(1, weight=2) |
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742 >>> G.add_node(2, weight=3) |
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743 >>> dict(G.nodes(data="weight", default=1)) |
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744 {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3} |
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745 |
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746 """ |
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747 nodes = NodeView(self) |
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748 # Lazy View creation: overload the (class) property on the instance |
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749 # Then future G.nodes use the existing View |
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750 # setattr doesn't work because attribute already exists |
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751 self.__dict__["nodes"] = nodes |
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752 return nodes |
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753 |
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754 def number_of_nodes(self): |
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755 """Returns the number of nodes in the graph. |
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756 |
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757 Returns |
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758 ------- |
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759 nnodes : int |
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760 The number of nodes in the graph. |
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761 |
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762 See Also |
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763 -------- |
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764 order, __len__ which are identical |
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765 |
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766 Examples |
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767 -------- |
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768 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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769 >>> G.number_of_nodes() |
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770 3 |
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771 """ |
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772 return len(self._node) |
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773 |
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774 def order(self): |
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775 """Returns the number of nodes in the graph. |
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776 |
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777 Returns |
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778 ------- |
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779 nnodes : int |
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780 The number of nodes in the graph. |
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781 |
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782 See Also |
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783 -------- |
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784 number_of_nodes, __len__ which are identical |
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785 |
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786 Examples |
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787 -------- |
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788 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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789 >>> G.order() |
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790 3 |
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791 """ |
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792 return len(self._node) |
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793 |
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794 def has_node(self, n): |
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795 """Returns True if the graph contains the node n. |
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796 |
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797 Identical to `n in G` |
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798 |
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799 Parameters |
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800 ---------- |
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801 n : node |
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802 |
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803 Examples |
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804 -------- |
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805 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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806 >>> G.has_node(0) |
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807 True |
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808 |
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809 It is more readable and simpler to use |
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810 |
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811 >>> 0 in G |
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812 True |
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813 |
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814 """ |
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815 try: |
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816 return n in self._node |
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817 except TypeError: |
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818 return False |
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819 |
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820 def add_edge(self, u_of_edge, v_of_edge, **attr): |
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821 """Add an edge between u and v. |
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822 |
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823 The nodes u and v will be automatically added if they are |
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824 not already in the graph. |
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825 |
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826 Edge attributes can be specified with keywords or by directly |
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827 accessing the edge's attribute dictionary. See examples below. |
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828 |
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829 Parameters |
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830 ---------- |
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831 u, v : nodes |
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832 Nodes can be, for example, strings or numbers. |
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833 Nodes must be hashable (and not None) Python objects. |
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834 attr : keyword arguments, optional |
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835 Edge data (or labels or objects) can be assigned using |
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836 keyword arguments. |
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837 |
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838 See Also |
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839 -------- |
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840 add_edges_from : add a collection of edges |
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841 |
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842 Notes |
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843 ----- |
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844 Adding an edge that already exists updates the edge data. |
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845 |
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846 Many NetworkX algorithms designed for weighted graphs use |
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847 an edge attribute (by default `weight`) to hold a numerical value. |
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848 |
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849 Examples |
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850 -------- |
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851 The following all add the edge e=(1, 2) to graph G: |
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852 |
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853 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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854 >>> e = (1, 2) |
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855 >>> G.add_edge(1, 2) # explicit two-node form |
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856 >>> G.add_edge(*e) # single edge as tuple of two nodes |
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857 >>> G.add_edges_from([(1, 2)]) # add edges from iterable container |
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858 |
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859 Associate data to edges using keywords: |
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860 |
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861 >>> G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=3) |
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862 >>> G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=7, capacity=15, length=342.7) |
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863 |
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864 For non-string attribute keys, use subscript notation. |
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865 |
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866 >>> G.add_edge(1, 2) |
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867 >>> G[1][2].update({0: 5}) |
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868 >>> G.edges[1, 2].update({0: 5}) |
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869 """ |
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870 u, v = u_of_edge, v_of_edge |
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871 # add nodes |
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872 if u not in self._node: |
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873 self._adj[u] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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874 self._node[u] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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875 if v not in self._node: |
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876 self._adj[v] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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877 self._node[v] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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878 # add the edge |
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879 datadict = self._adj[u].get(v, self.edge_attr_dict_factory()) |
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880 datadict.update(attr) |
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881 self._adj[u][v] = datadict |
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882 self._adj[v][u] = datadict |
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883 |
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884 def add_edges_from(self, ebunch_to_add, **attr): |
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885 """Add all the edges in ebunch_to_add. |
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886 |
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887 Parameters |
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888 ---------- |
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889 ebunch_to_add : container of edges |
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890 Each edge given in the container will be added to the |
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891 graph. The edges must be given as as 2-tuples (u, v) or |
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892 3-tuples (u, v, d) where d is a dictionary containing edge data. |
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893 attr : keyword arguments, optional |
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894 Edge data (or labels or objects) can be assigned using |
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895 keyword arguments. |
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896 |
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897 See Also |
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898 -------- |
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899 add_edge : add a single edge |
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900 add_weighted_edges_from : convenient way to add weighted edges |
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901 |
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902 Notes |
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903 ----- |
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904 Adding the same edge twice has no effect but any edge data |
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905 will be updated when each duplicate edge is added. |
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906 |
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907 Edge attributes specified in an ebunch take precedence over |
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908 attributes specified via keyword arguments. |
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909 |
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910 Examples |
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911 -------- |
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912 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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913 >>> G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2)]) # using a list of edge tuples |
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914 >>> e = zip(range(0, 3), range(1, 4)) |
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915 >>> G.add_edges_from(e) # Add the path graph 0-1-2-3 |
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916 |
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917 Associate data to edges |
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918 |
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919 >>> G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3)], weight=3) |
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920 >>> G.add_edges_from([(3, 4), (1, 4)], label="WN2898") |
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921 """ |
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922 for e in ebunch_to_add: |
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923 ne = len(e) |
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924 if ne == 3: |
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925 u, v, dd = e |
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926 elif ne == 2: |
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927 u, v = e |
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928 dd = {} # doesn't need edge_attr_dict_factory |
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929 else: |
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930 raise NetworkXError(f"Edge tuple {e} must be a 2-tuple or 3-tuple.") |
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931 if u not in self._node: |
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932 self._adj[u] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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933 self._node[u] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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934 if v not in self._node: |
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935 self._adj[v] = self.adjlist_inner_dict_factory() |
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936 self._node[v] = self.node_attr_dict_factory() |
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937 datadict = self._adj[u].get(v, self.edge_attr_dict_factory()) |
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938 datadict.update(attr) |
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939 datadict.update(dd) |
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940 self._adj[u][v] = datadict |
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941 self._adj[v][u] = datadict |
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942 |
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943 def add_weighted_edges_from(self, ebunch_to_add, weight="weight", **attr): |
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944 """Add weighted edges in `ebunch_to_add` with specified weight attr |
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945 |
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946 Parameters |
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947 ---------- |
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948 ebunch_to_add : container of edges |
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949 Each edge given in the list or container will be added |
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950 to the graph. The edges must be given as 3-tuples (u, v, w) |
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951 where w is a number. |
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952 weight : string, optional (default= 'weight') |
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953 The attribute name for the edge weights to be added. |
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954 attr : keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes) |
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955 Edge attributes to add/update for all edges. |
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956 |
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957 See Also |
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958 -------- |
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959 add_edge : add a single edge |
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960 add_edges_from : add multiple edges |
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961 |
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962 Notes |
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963 ----- |
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964 Adding the same edge twice for Graph/DiGraph simply updates |
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965 the edge data. For MultiGraph/MultiDiGraph, duplicate edges |
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966 are stored. |
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967 |
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968 Examples |
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969 -------- |
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970 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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971 >>> G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 1, 3.0), (1, 2, 7.5)]) |
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972 """ |
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973 self.add_edges_from(((u, v, {weight: d}) for u, v, d in ebunch_to_add), **attr) |
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974 |
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975 def remove_edge(self, u, v): |
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976 """Remove the edge between u and v. |
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977 |
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978 Parameters |
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979 ---------- |
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980 u, v : nodes |
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981 Remove the edge between nodes u and v. |
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982 |
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983 Raises |
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984 ------ |
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985 NetworkXError |
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986 If there is not an edge between u and v. |
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987 |
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988 See Also |
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989 -------- |
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990 remove_edges_from : remove a collection of edges |
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991 |
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992 Examples |
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993 -------- |
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994 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, etc |
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995 >>> G.remove_edge(0, 1) |
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996 >>> e = (1, 2) |
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997 >>> G.remove_edge(*e) # unpacks e from an edge tuple |
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998 >>> e = (2, 3, {"weight": 7}) # an edge with attribute data |
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999 >>> G.remove_edge(*e[:2]) # select first part of edge tuple |
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1000 """ |
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1001 try: |
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1002 del self._adj[u][v] |
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1003 if u != v: # self-loop needs only one entry removed |
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1004 del self._adj[v][u] |
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1005 except KeyError as e: |
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1006 raise NetworkXError(f"The edge {u}-{v} is not in the graph") from e |
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1007 |
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1008 def remove_edges_from(self, ebunch): |
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1009 """Remove all edges specified in ebunch. |
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1010 |
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1011 Parameters |
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1012 ---------- |
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1013 ebunch: list or container of edge tuples |
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1014 Each edge given in the list or container will be removed |
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1015 from the graph. The edges can be: |
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1016 |
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1017 - 2-tuples (u, v) edge between u and v. |
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1018 - 3-tuples (u, v, k) where k is ignored. |
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1019 |
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1020 See Also |
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1021 -------- |
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1022 remove_edge : remove a single edge |
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1023 |
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1024 Notes |
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1025 ----- |
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1026 Will fail silently if an edge in ebunch is not in the graph. |
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1027 |
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1028 Examples |
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1029 -------- |
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1030 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1031 >>> ebunch = [(1, 2), (2, 3)] |
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1032 >>> G.remove_edges_from(ebunch) |
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1033 """ |
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1034 adj = self._adj |
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1035 for e in ebunch: |
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1036 u, v = e[:2] # ignore edge data if present |
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1037 if u in adj and v in adj[u]: |
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1038 del adj[u][v] |
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1039 if u != v: # self loop needs only one entry removed |
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1040 del adj[v][u] |
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1041 |
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1042 def update(self, edges=None, nodes=None): |
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1043 """Update the graph using nodes/edges/graphs as input. |
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1044 |
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1045 Like dict.update, this method takes a graph as input, adding the |
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1046 graph's nodes and edges to this graph. It can also take two inputs: |
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1047 edges and nodes. Finally it can take either edges or nodes. |
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1048 To specify only nodes the keyword `nodes` must be used. |
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1049 |
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1050 The collections of edges and nodes are treated similarly to |
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1051 the add_edges_from/add_nodes_from methods. When iterated, they |
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1052 should yield 2-tuples (u, v) or 3-tuples (u, v, datadict). |
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1053 |
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1054 Parameters |
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1055 ---------- |
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1056 edges : Graph object, collection of edges, or None |
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1057 The first parameter can be a graph or some edges. If it has |
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1058 attributes `nodes` and `edges`, then it is taken to be a |
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1059 Graph-like object and those attributes are used as collections |
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1060 of nodes and edges to be added to the graph. |
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1061 If the first parameter does not have those attributes, it is |
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1062 treated as a collection of edges and added to the graph. |
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1063 If the first argument is None, no edges are added. |
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1064 nodes : collection of nodes, or None |
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1065 The second parameter is treated as a collection of nodes |
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1066 to be added to the graph unless it is None. |
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1067 If `edges is None` and `nodes is None` an exception is raised. |
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1068 If the first parameter is a Graph, then `nodes` is ignored. |
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1069 |
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1070 Examples |
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1071 -------- |
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1072 >>> G = nx.path_graph(5) |
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1073 >>> G.update(nx.complete_graph(range(4, 10))) |
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1074 >>> from itertools import combinations |
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1075 >>> edges = ( |
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1076 ... (u, v, {"power": u * v}) |
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1077 ... for u, v in combinations(range(10, 20), 2) |
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1078 ... if u * v < 225 |
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1079 ... ) |
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1080 >>> nodes = [1000] # for singleton, use a container |
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1081 >>> G.update(edges, nodes) |
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1082 |
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1083 Notes |
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1084 ----- |
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1085 It you want to update the graph using an adjacency structure |
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1086 it is straightforward to obtain the edges/nodes from adjacency. |
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1087 The following examples provide common cases, your adjacency may |
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1088 be slightly different and require tweaks of these examples. |
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1089 |
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1090 >>> # dict-of-set/list/tuple |
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1091 >>> adj = {1: {2, 3}, 2: {1, 3}, 3: {1, 2}} |
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1092 >>> e = [(u, v) for u, nbrs in adj.items() for v in nbrs] |
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1093 >>> G.update(edges=e, nodes=adj) |
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1094 |
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1095 >>> DG = nx.DiGraph() |
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1096 >>> # dict-of-dict-of-attribute |
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1097 >>> adj = {1: {2: 1.3, 3: 0.7}, 2: {1: 1.4}, 3: {1: 0.7}} |
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1098 >>> e = [ |
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1099 ... (u, v, {"weight": d}) |
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1100 ... for u, nbrs in adj.items() |
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1101 ... for v, d in nbrs.items() |
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1102 ... ] |
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1103 >>> DG.update(edges=e, nodes=adj) |
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1104 |
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1105 >>> # dict-of-dict-of-dict |
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1106 >>> adj = {1: {2: {"weight": 1.3}, 3: {"color": 0.7, "weight": 1.2}}} |
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1107 >>> e = [ |
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1108 ... (u, v, {"weight": d}) |
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1109 ... for u, nbrs in adj.items() |
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1110 ... for v, d in nbrs.items() |
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1111 ... ] |
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1112 >>> DG.update(edges=e, nodes=adj) |
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1113 |
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1114 >>> # predecessor adjacency (dict-of-set) |
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1115 >>> pred = {1: {2, 3}, 2: {3}, 3: {3}} |
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1116 >>> e = [(v, u) for u, nbrs in pred.items() for v in nbrs] |
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1117 |
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1118 >>> # MultiGraph dict-of-dict-of-dict-of-attribute |
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1119 >>> MDG = nx.MultiDiGraph() |
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1120 >>> adj = { |
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1121 ... 1: {2: {0: {"weight": 1.3}, 1: {"weight": 1.2}}}, |
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1122 ... 3: {2: {0: {"weight": 0.7}}}, |
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1123 ... } |
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1124 >>> e = [ |
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1125 ... (u, v, ekey, d) |
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1126 ... for u, nbrs in adj.items() |
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1127 ... for v, keydict in nbrs.items() |
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1128 ... for ekey, d in keydict.items() |
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1129 ... ] |
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1130 >>> MDG.update(edges=e) |
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1131 |
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1132 See Also |
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1133 -------- |
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1134 add_edges_from: add multiple edges to a graph |
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1135 add_nodes_from: add multiple nodes to a graph |
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1136 """ |
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1137 if edges is not None: |
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1138 if nodes is not None: |
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1139 self.add_nodes_from(nodes) |
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1140 self.add_edges_from(edges) |
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1141 else: |
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1142 # check if edges is a Graph object |
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1143 try: |
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1144 graph_nodes = edges.nodes |
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1145 graph_edges = edges.edges |
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1146 except AttributeError: |
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1147 # edge not Graph-like |
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1148 self.add_edges_from(edges) |
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1149 else: # edges is Graph-like |
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1150 self.add_nodes_from(graph_nodes.data()) |
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1151 self.add_edges_from(graph_edges.data()) |
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1152 self.graph.update(edges.graph) |
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1153 elif nodes is not None: |
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1154 self.add_nodes_from(nodes) |
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1155 else: |
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1156 raise NetworkXError("update needs nodes or edges input") |
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1157 |
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1158 def has_edge(self, u, v): |
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1159 """Returns True if the edge (u, v) is in the graph. |
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1160 |
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1161 This is the same as `v in G[u]` without KeyError exceptions. |
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1162 |
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1163 Parameters |
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1164 ---------- |
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1165 u, v : nodes |
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1166 Nodes can be, for example, strings or numbers. |
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1167 Nodes must be hashable (and not None) Python objects. |
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1168 |
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1169 Returns |
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1170 ------- |
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1171 edge_ind : bool |
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1172 True if edge is in the graph, False otherwise. |
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1173 |
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1174 Examples |
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1175 -------- |
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1176 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1177 >>> G.has_edge(0, 1) # using two nodes |
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1178 True |
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1179 >>> e = (0, 1) |
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1180 >>> G.has_edge(*e) # e is a 2-tuple (u, v) |
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1181 True |
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1182 >>> e = (0, 1, {"weight": 7}) |
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1183 >>> G.has_edge(*e[:2]) # e is a 3-tuple (u, v, data_dictionary) |
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1184 True |
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1185 |
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1186 The following syntax are equivalent: |
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1187 |
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1188 >>> G.has_edge(0, 1) |
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1189 True |
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1190 >>> 1 in G[0] # though this gives KeyError if 0 not in G |
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1191 True |
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1192 |
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1193 """ |
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1194 try: |
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1195 return v in self._adj[u] |
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1196 except KeyError: |
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1197 return False |
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1198 |
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1199 def neighbors(self, n): |
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1200 """Returns an iterator over all neighbors of node n. |
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1201 |
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1202 This is identical to `iter(G[n])` |
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1203 |
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1204 Parameters |
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1205 ---------- |
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1206 n : node |
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1207 A node in the graph |
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1208 |
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1209 Returns |
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1210 ------- |
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1211 neighbors : iterator |
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1212 An iterator over all neighbors of node n |
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1213 |
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1214 Raises |
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1215 ------ |
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1216 NetworkXError |
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1217 If the node n is not in the graph. |
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1218 |
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1219 Examples |
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1220 -------- |
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1221 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1222 >>> [n for n in G.neighbors(0)] |
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1223 [1] |
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1224 |
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1225 Notes |
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1226 ----- |
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1227 Alternate ways to access the neighbors are ``G.adj[n]`` or ``G[n]``: |
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1228 |
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1229 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1230 >>> G.add_edge("a", "b", weight=7) |
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1231 >>> G["a"] |
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1232 AtlasView({'b': {'weight': 7}}) |
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1233 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) |
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1234 >>> [n for n in G[0]] |
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1235 [1] |
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1236 """ |
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1237 try: |
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1238 return iter(self._adj[n]) |
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1239 except KeyError as e: |
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1240 raise NetworkXError(f"The node {n} is not in the graph.") from e |
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1241 |
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1242 @property |
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1243 def edges(self): |
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1244 """An EdgeView of the Graph as G.edges or G.edges(). |
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1245 |
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1246 edges(self, nbunch=None, data=False, default=None) |
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1247 |
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1248 The EdgeView provides set-like operations on the edge-tuples |
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1249 as well as edge attribute lookup. When called, it also provides |
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1250 an EdgeDataView object which allows control of access to edge |
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1251 attributes (but does not provide set-like operations). |
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1252 Hence, `G.edges[u, v]['color']` provides the value of the color |
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1253 attribute for edge `(u, v)` while |
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1254 `for (u, v, c) in G.edges.data('color', default='red'):` |
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1255 iterates through all the edges yielding the color attribute |
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1256 with default `'red'` if no color attribute exists. |
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1257 |
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1258 Parameters |
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1259 ---------- |
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1260 nbunch : single node, container, or all nodes (default= all nodes) |
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1261 The view will only report edges incident to these nodes. |
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1262 data : string or bool, optional (default=False) |
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1263 The edge attribute returned in 3-tuple (u, v, ddict[data]). |
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1264 If True, return edge attribute dict in 3-tuple (u, v, ddict). |
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1265 If False, return 2-tuple (u, v). |
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1266 default : value, optional (default=None) |
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1267 Value used for edges that don't have the requested attribute. |
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1268 Only relevant if data is not True or False. |
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1269 |
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1270 Returns |
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1271 ------- |
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1272 edges : EdgeView |
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1273 A view of edge attributes, usually it iterates over (u, v) |
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1274 or (u, v, d) tuples of edges, but can also be used for |
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1275 attribute lookup as `edges[u, v]['foo']`. |
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1276 |
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1277 Notes |
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1278 ----- |
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1279 Nodes in nbunch that are not in the graph will be (quietly) ignored. |
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1280 For directed graphs this returns the out-edges. |
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1281 |
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1282 Examples |
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1283 -------- |
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1284 >>> G = nx.path_graph(3) # or MultiGraph, etc |
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1285 >>> G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=5) |
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1286 >>> [e for e in G.edges] |
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1287 [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)] |
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1288 >>> G.edges.data() # default data is {} (empty dict) |
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1289 EdgeDataView([(0, 1, {}), (1, 2, {}), (2, 3, {'weight': 5})]) |
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1290 >>> G.edges.data("weight", default=1) |
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1291 EdgeDataView([(0, 1, 1), (1, 2, 1), (2, 3, 5)]) |
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1292 >>> G.edges([0, 3]) # only edges incident to these nodes |
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1293 EdgeDataView([(0, 1), (3, 2)]) |
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1294 >>> G.edges(0) # only edges incident to a single node (use G.adj[0]?) |
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1295 EdgeDataView([(0, 1)]) |
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1296 """ |
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1297 return EdgeView(self) |
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1298 |
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1299 def get_edge_data(self, u, v, default=None): |
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1300 """Returns the attribute dictionary associated with edge (u, v). |
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1301 |
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1302 This is identical to `G[u][v]` except the default is returned |
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1303 instead of an exception if the edge doesn't exist. |
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1304 |
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1305 Parameters |
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1306 ---------- |
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1307 u, v : nodes |
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1308 default: any Python object (default=None) |
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1309 Value to return if the edge (u, v) is not found. |
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1310 |
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1311 Returns |
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1312 ------- |
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1313 edge_dict : dictionary |
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1314 The edge attribute dictionary. |
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1315 |
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1316 Examples |
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1317 -------- |
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1318 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1319 >>> G[0][1] |
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1320 {} |
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1321 |
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1322 Warning: Assigning to `G[u][v]` is not permitted. |
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1323 But it is safe to assign attributes `G[u][v]['foo']` |
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1324 |
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1325 >>> G[0][1]["weight"] = 7 |
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1326 >>> G[0][1]["weight"] |
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1327 7 |
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1328 >>> G[1][0]["weight"] |
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1329 7 |
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1330 |
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1331 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1332 >>> G.get_edge_data(0, 1) # default edge data is {} |
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1333 {} |
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1334 >>> e = (0, 1) |
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1335 >>> G.get_edge_data(*e) # tuple form |
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1336 {} |
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1337 >>> G.get_edge_data("a", "b", default=0) # edge not in graph, return 0 |
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1338 0 |
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1339 """ |
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1340 try: |
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1341 return self._adj[u][v] |
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1342 except KeyError: |
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1343 return default |
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1344 |
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1345 def adjacency(self): |
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1346 """Returns an iterator over (node, adjacency dict) tuples for all nodes. |
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1347 |
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1348 For directed graphs, only outgoing neighbors/adjacencies are included. |
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1349 |
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1350 Returns |
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1351 ------- |
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1352 adj_iter : iterator |
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1353 An iterator over (node, adjacency dictionary) for all nodes in |
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1354 the graph. |
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1355 |
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1356 Examples |
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1357 -------- |
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1358 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1359 >>> [(n, nbrdict) for n, nbrdict in G.adjacency()] |
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1360 [(0, {1: {}}), (1, {0: {}, 2: {}}), (2, {1: {}, 3: {}}), (3, {2: {}})] |
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1361 |
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1362 """ |
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1363 return iter(self._adj.items()) |
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1364 |
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1365 @property |
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1366 def degree(self): |
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1367 """A DegreeView for the Graph as G.degree or G.degree(). |
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1368 |
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1369 The node degree is the number of edges adjacent to the node. |
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1370 The weighted node degree is the sum of the edge weights for |
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1371 edges incident to that node. |
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1372 |
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1373 This object provides an iterator for (node, degree) as well as |
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1374 lookup for the degree for a single node. |
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1375 |
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1376 Parameters |
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1377 ---------- |
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1378 nbunch : single node, container, or all nodes (default= all nodes) |
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1379 The view will only report edges incident to these nodes. |
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1380 |
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1381 weight : string or None, optional (default=None) |
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1382 The name of an edge attribute that holds the numerical value used |
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1383 as a weight. If None, then each edge has weight 1. |
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1384 The degree is the sum of the edge weights adjacent to the node. |
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1385 |
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1386 Returns |
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1387 ------- |
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1388 If a single node is requested |
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1389 deg : int |
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1390 Degree of the node |
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1391 |
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1392 OR if multiple nodes are requested |
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1393 nd_view : A DegreeView object capable of iterating (node, degree) pairs |
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1394 |
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1395 Examples |
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1396 -------- |
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1397 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1398 >>> G.degree[0] # node 0 has degree 1 |
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1399 1 |
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1400 >>> list(G.degree([0, 1, 2])) |
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1401 [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2)] |
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1402 """ |
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1403 return DegreeView(self) |
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1404 |
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1405 def clear(self): |
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1406 """Remove all nodes and edges from the graph. |
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1407 |
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1408 This also removes the name, and all graph, node, and edge attributes. |
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1409 |
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1410 Examples |
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1411 -------- |
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1412 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1413 >>> G.clear() |
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1414 >>> list(G.nodes) |
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1415 [] |
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1416 >>> list(G.edges) |
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1417 [] |
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1418 |
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1419 """ |
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1420 self._adj.clear() |
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1421 self._node.clear() |
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1422 self.graph.clear() |
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1423 |
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1424 def clear_edges(self): |
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1425 """Remove all edges from the graph without altering nodes. |
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1426 |
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1427 Examples |
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1428 -------- |
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1429 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1430 >>> G.clear_edges() |
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1431 >>> list(G.nodes) |
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1432 [0, 1, 2, 3] |
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1433 >>> list(G.edges) |
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1434 [] |
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1435 """ |
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1436 for neighbours_dict in self._adj.values(): |
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1437 neighbours_dict.clear() |
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1438 |
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1439 def is_multigraph(self): |
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1440 """Returns True if graph is a multigraph, False otherwise.""" |
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1441 return False |
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1442 |
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1443 def is_directed(self): |
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1444 """Returns True if graph is directed, False otherwise.""" |
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1445 return False |
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1446 |
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1447 def copy(self, as_view=False): |
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1448 """Returns a copy of the graph. |
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1449 |
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1450 The copy method by default returns an independent shallow copy |
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1451 of the graph and attributes. That is, if an attribute is a |
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1452 container, that container is shared by the original an the copy. |
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1453 Use Python's `copy.deepcopy` for new containers. |
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1454 |
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1455 If `as_view` is True then a view is returned instead of a copy. |
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1456 |
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1457 Notes |
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1458 ----- |
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1459 All copies reproduce the graph structure, but data attributes |
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1460 may be handled in different ways. There are four types of copies |
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1461 of a graph that people might want. |
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1462 |
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1463 Deepcopy -- A "deepcopy" copies the graph structure as well as |
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1464 all data attributes and any objects they might contain. |
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1465 The entire graph object is new so that changes in the copy |
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1466 do not affect the original object. (see Python's copy.deepcopy) |
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1467 |
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1468 Data Reference (Shallow) -- For a shallow copy the graph structure |
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1469 is copied but the edge, node and graph attribute dicts are |
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1470 references to those in the original graph. This saves |
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1471 time and memory but could cause confusion if you change an attribute |
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1472 in one graph and it changes the attribute in the other. |
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1473 NetworkX does not provide this level of shallow copy. |
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1474 |
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1475 Independent Shallow -- This copy creates new independent attribute |
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1476 dicts and then does a shallow copy of the attributes. That is, any |
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1477 attributes that are containers are shared between the new graph |
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1478 and the original. This is exactly what `dict.copy()` provides. |
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1479 You can obtain this style copy using: |
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1480 |
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1481 >>> G = nx.path_graph(5) |
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1482 >>> H = G.copy() |
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1483 >>> H = G.copy(as_view=False) |
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1484 >>> H = nx.Graph(G) |
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1485 >>> H = G.__class__(G) |
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1486 |
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1487 Fresh Data -- For fresh data, the graph structure is copied while |
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1488 new empty data attribute dicts are created. The resulting graph |
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1489 is independent of the original and it has no edge, node or graph |
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1490 attributes. Fresh copies are not enabled. Instead use: |
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1491 |
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1492 >>> H = G.__class__() |
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1493 >>> H.add_nodes_from(G) |
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1494 >>> H.add_edges_from(G.edges) |
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1495 |
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1496 View -- Inspired by dict-views, graph-views act like read-only |
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1497 versions of the original graph, providing a copy of the original |
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1498 structure without requiring any memory for copying the information. |
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1499 |
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1500 See the Python copy module for more information on shallow |
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1501 and deep copies, https://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html. |
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1502 |
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1503 Parameters |
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1504 ---------- |
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1505 as_view : bool, optional (default=False) |
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1506 If True, the returned graph-view provides a read-only view |
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1507 of the original graph without actually copying any data. |
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1508 |
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1509 Returns |
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1510 ------- |
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1511 G : Graph |
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1512 A copy of the graph. |
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1513 |
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1514 See Also |
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1515 -------- |
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1516 to_directed: return a directed copy of the graph. |
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1517 |
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1518 Examples |
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1519 -------- |
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1520 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1521 >>> H = G.copy() |
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1522 |
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1523 """ |
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1524 if as_view is True: |
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1525 return nx.graphviews.generic_graph_view(self) |
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1526 G = self.__class__() |
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1527 G.graph.update(self.graph) |
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1528 G.add_nodes_from((n, d.copy()) for n, d in self._node.items()) |
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1529 G.add_edges_from( |
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1530 (u, v, datadict.copy()) |
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1531 for u, nbrs in self._adj.items() |
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1532 for v, datadict in nbrs.items() |
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1533 ) |
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1534 return G |
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1535 |
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1536 def to_directed(self, as_view=False): |
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1537 """Returns a directed representation of the graph. |
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1538 |
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1539 Returns |
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1540 ------- |
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1541 G : DiGraph |
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1542 A directed graph with the same name, same nodes, and with |
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1543 each edge (u, v, data) replaced by two directed edges |
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1544 (u, v, data) and (v, u, data). |
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1545 |
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1546 Notes |
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1547 ----- |
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1548 This returns a "deepcopy" of the edge, node, and |
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1549 graph attributes which attempts to completely copy |
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1550 all of the data and references. |
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1551 |
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1552 This is in contrast to the similar D=DiGraph(G) which returns a |
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1553 shallow copy of the data. |
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1554 |
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1555 See the Python copy module for more information on shallow |
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1556 and deep copies, https://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html. |
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1557 |
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1558 Warning: If you have subclassed Graph to use dict-like objects |
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1559 in the data structure, those changes do not transfer to the |
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1560 DiGraph created by this method. |
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1561 |
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1562 Examples |
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1563 -------- |
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1564 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or MultiGraph, etc |
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1565 >>> G.add_edge(0, 1) |
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1566 >>> H = G.to_directed() |
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1567 >>> list(H.edges) |
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1568 [(0, 1), (1, 0)] |
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1569 |
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1570 If already directed, return a (deep) copy |
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1571 |
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1572 >>> G = nx.DiGraph() # or MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1573 >>> G.add_edge(0, 1) |
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1574 >>> H = G.to_directed() |
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1575 >>> list(H.edges) |
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1576 [(0, 1)] |
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1577 """ |
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1578 graph_class = self.to_directed_class() |
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1579 if as_view is True: |
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1580 return nx.graphviews.generic_graph_view(self, graph_class) |
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1581 # deepcopy when not a view |
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1582 G = graph_class() |
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1583 G.graph.update(deepcopy(self.graph)) |
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1584 G.add_nodes_from((n, deepcopy(d)) for n, d in self._node.items()) |
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1585 G.add_edges_from( |
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1586 (u, v, deepcopy(data)) |
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1587 for u, nbrs in self._adj.items() |
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1588 for v, data in nbrs.items() |
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1589 ) |
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1590 return G |
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1591 |
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1592 def to_undirected(self, as_view=False): |
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1593 """Returns an undirected copy of the graph. |
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1594 |
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1595 Parameters |
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1596 ---------- |
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1597 as_view : bool (optional, default=False) |
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1598 If True return a view of the original undirected graph. |
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1599 |
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1600 Returns |
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1601 ------- |
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1602 G : Graph/MultiGraph |
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1603 A deepcopy of the graph. |
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1604 |
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1605 See Also |
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1606 -------- |
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1607 Graph, copy, add_edge, add_edges_from |
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1608 |
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1609 Notes |
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1610 ----- |
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1611 This returns a "deepcopy" of the edge, node, and |
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1612 graph attributes which attempts to completely copy |
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1613 all of the data and references. |
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1614 |
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1615 This is in contrast to the similar `G = nx.DiGraph(D)` which returns a |
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1616 shallow copy of the data. |
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1617 |
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1618 See the Python copy module for more information on shallow |
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1619 and deep copies, https://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html. |
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1620 |
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1621 Warning: If you have subclassed DiGraph to use dict-like objects |
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1622 in the data structure, those changes do not transfer to the |
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1623 Graph created by this method. |
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1624 |
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1625 Examples |
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1626 -------- |
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1627 >>> G = nx.path_graph(2) # or MultiGraph, etc |
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1628 >>> H = G.to_directed() |
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1629 >>> list(H.edges) |
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1630 [(0, 1), (1, 0)] |
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1631 >>> G2 = H.to_undirected() |
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1632 >>> list(G2.edges) |
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1633 [(0, 1)] |
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1634 """ |
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1635 graph_class = self.to_undirected_class() |
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1636 if as_view is True: |
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1637 return nx.graphviews.generic_graph_view(self, graph_class) |
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1638 # deepcopy when not a view |
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1639 G = graph_class() |
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1640 G.graph.update(deepcopy(self.graph)) |
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1641 G.add_nodes_from((n, deepcopy(d)) for n, d in self._node.items()) |
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1642 G.add_edges_from( |
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1643 (u, v, deepcopy(d)) |
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1644 for u, nbrs in self._adj.items() |
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1645 for v, d in nbrs.items() |
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1646 ) |
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1647 return G |
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1648 |
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1649 def subgraph(self, nodes): |
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1650 """Returns a SubGraph view of the subgraph induced on `nodes`. |
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1651 |
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1652 The induced subgraph of the graph contains the nodes in `nodes` |
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1653 and the edges between those nodes. |
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1654 |
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1655 Parameters |
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1656 ---------- |
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1657 nodes : list, iterable |
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1658 A container of nodes which will be iterated through once. |
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1659 |
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1660 Returns |
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1661 ------- |
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1662 G : SubGraph View |
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1663 A subgraph view of the graph. The graph structure cannot be |
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1664 changed but node/edge attributes can and are shared with the |
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1665 original graph. |
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1666 |
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1667 Notes |
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1668 ----- |
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1669 The graph, edge and node attributes are shared with the original graph. |
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1670 Changes to the graph structure is ruled out by the view, but changes |
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1671 to attributes are reflected in the original graph. |
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1672 |
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1673 To create a subgraph with its own copy of the edge/node attributes use: |
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1674 G.subgraph(nodes).copy() |
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1675 |
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1676 For an inplace reduction of a graph to a subgraph you can remove nodes: |
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1677 G.remove_nodes_from([n for n in G if n not in set(nodes)]) |
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1678 |
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1679 Subgraph views are sometimes NOT what you want. In most cases where |
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1680 you want to do more than simply look at the induced edges, it makes |
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1681 more sense to just create the subgraph as its own graph with code like: |
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1682 |
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1683 :: |
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1684 |
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1685 # Create a subgraph SG based on a (possibly multigraph) G |
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1686 SG = G.__class__() |
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1687 SG.add_nodes_from((n, G.nodes[n]) for n in largest_wcc) |
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1688 if SG.is_multigraph(): |
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1689 SG.add_edges_from((n, nbr, key, d) |
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1690 for n, nbrs in G.adj.items() if n in largest_wcc |
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1691 for nbr, keydict in nbrs.items() if nbr in largest_wcc |
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1692 for key, d in keydict.items()) |
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1693 else: |
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1694 SG.add_edges_from((n, nbr, d) |
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1695 for n, nbrs in G.adj.items() if n in largest_wcc |
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1696 for nbr, d in nbrs.items() if nbr in largest_wcc) |
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1697 SG.graph.update(G.graph) |
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1698 |
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1699 Examples |
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1700 -------- |
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1701 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1702 >>> H = G.subgraph([0, 1, 2]) |
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1703 >>> list(H.edges) |
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1704 [(0, 1), (1, 2)] |
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1705 """ |
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1706 induced_nodes = nx.filters.show_nodes(self.nbunch_iter(nodes)) |
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1707 # if already a subgraph, don't make a chain |
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1708 subgraph = nx.graphviews.subgraph_view |
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1709 if hasattr(self, "_NODE_OK"): |
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1710 return subgraph(self._graph, induced_nodes, self._EDGE_OK) |
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1711 return subgraph(self, induced_nodes) |
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1712 |
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1713 def edge_subgraph(self, edges): |
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1714 """Returns the subgraph induced by the specified edges. |
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1715 |
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1716 The induced subgraph contains each edge in `edges` and each |
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1717 node incident to any one of those edges. |
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1718 |
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1719 Parameters |
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1720 ---------- |
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1721 edges : iterable |
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1722 An iterable of edges in this graph. |
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1723 |
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1724 Returns |
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1725 ------- |
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1726 G : Graph |
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1727 An edge-induced subgraph of this graph with the same edge |
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1728 attributes. |
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1729 |
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1730 Notes |
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1731 ----- |
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1732 The graph, edge, and node attributes in the returned subgraph |
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1733 view are references to the corresponding attributes in the original |
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1734 graph. The view is read-only. |
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1735 |
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1736 To create a full graph version of the subgraph with its own copy |
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1737 of the edge or node attributes, use:: |
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1738 |
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1739 >>> G.edge_subgraph(edges).copy() # doctest: +SKIP |
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1740 |
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1741 Examples |
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1742 -------- |
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1743 >>> G = nx.path_graph(5) |
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1744 >>> H = G.edge_subgraph([(0, 1), (3, 4)]) |
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1745 >>> list(H.nodes) |
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1746 [0, 1, 3, 4] |
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1747 >>> list(H.edges) |
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1748 [(0, 1), (3, 4)] |
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1749 |
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1750 """ |
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1751 return nx.edge_subgraph(self, edges) |
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1752 |
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1753 def size(self, weight=None): |
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1754 """Returns the number of edges or total of all edge weights. |
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1755 |
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1756 Parameters |
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1757 ---------- |
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1758 weight : string or None, optional (default=None) |
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1759 The edge attribute that holds the numerical value used |
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1760 as a weight. If None, then each edge has weight 1. |
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1761 |
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1762 Returns |
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1763 ------- |
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1764 size : numeric |
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1765 The number of edges or |
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1766 (if weight keyword is provided) the total weight sum. |
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1767 |
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1768 If weight is None, returns an int. Otherwise a float |
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1769 (or more general numeric if the weights are more general). |
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1770 |
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1771 See Also |
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1772 -------- |
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1773 number_of_edges |
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1774 |
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1775 Examples |
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1776 -------- |
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1777 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1778 >>> G.size() |
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1779 3 |
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1780 |
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1781 >>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc |
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1782 >>> G.add_edge("a", "b", weight=2) |
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1783 >>> G.add_edge("b", "c", weight=4) |
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1784 >>> G.size() |
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1785 2 |
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1786 >>> G.size(weight="weight") |
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1787 6.0 |
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1788 """ |
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1789 s = sum(d for v, d in self.degree(weight=weight)) |
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1790 # If `weight` is None, the sum of the degrees is guaranteed to be |
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1791 # even, so we can perform integer division and hence return an |
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1792 # integer. Otherwise, the sum of the weighted degrees is not |
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1793 # guaranteed to be an integer, so we perform "real" division. |
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1794 return s // 2 if weight is None else s / 2 |
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1795 |
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1796 def number_of_edges(self, u=None, v=None): |
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1797 """Returns the number of edges between two nodes. |
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1798 |
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1799 Parameters |
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1800 ---------- |
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1801 u, v : nodes, optional (default=all edges) |
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1802 If u and v are specified, return the number of edges between |
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1803 u and v. Otherwise return the total number of all edges. |
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1804 |
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1805 Returns |
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1806 ------- |
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1807 nedges : int |
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1808 The number of edges in the graph. If nodes `u` and `v` are |
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1809 specified return the number of edges between those nodes. If |
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1810 the graph is directed, this only returns the number of edges |
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1811 from `u` to `v`. |
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1812 |
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1813 See Also |
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1814 -------- |
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1815 size |
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1816 |
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1817 Examples |
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1818 -------- |
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1819 For undirected graphs, this method counts the total number of |
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1820 edges in the graph: |
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1821 |
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1822 >>> G = nx.path_graph(4) |
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1823 >>> G.number_of_edges() |
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1824 3 |
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1825 |
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1826 If you specify two nodes, this counts the total number of edges |
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1827 joining the two nodes: |
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1828 |
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1829 >>> G.number_of_edges(0, 1) |
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1830 1 |
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1831 |
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1832 For directed graphs, this method can count the total number of |
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1833 directed edges from `u` to `v`: |
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1834 |
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1835 >>> G = nx.DiGraph() |
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1836 >>> G.add_edge(0, 1) |
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1837 >>> G.add_edge(1, 0) |
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1838 >>> G.number_of_edges(0, 1) |
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1839 1 |
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1840 |
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1841 """ |
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1842 if u is None: |
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1843 return int(self.size()) |
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1844 if v in self._adj[u]: |
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1845 return 1 |
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1846 return 0 |
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1847 |
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1848 def nbunch_iter(self, nbunch=None): |
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1849 """Returns an iterator over nodes contained in nbunch that are |
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1850 also in the graph. |
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1851 |
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1852 The nodes in nbunch are checked for membership in the graph |
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1853 and if not are silently ignored. |
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1854 |
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1855 Parameters |
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1856 ---------- |
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1857 nbunch : single node, container, or all nodes (default= all nodes) |
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1858 The view will only report edges incident to these nodes. |
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1859 |
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1860 Returns |
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1861 ------- |
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1862 niter : iterator |
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1863 An iterator over nodes in nbunch that are also in the graph. |
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1864 If nbunch is None, iterate over all nodes in the graph. |
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1865 |
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1866 Raises |
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1867 ------ |
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1868 NetworkXError |
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1869 If nbunch is not a node or or sequence of nodes. |
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1870 If a node in nbunch is not hashable. |
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1871 |
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1872 See Also |
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1873 -------- |
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1874 Graph.__iter__ |
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1875 |
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1876 Notes |
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1877 ----- |
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1878 When nbunch is an iterator, the returned iterator yields values |
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1879 directly from nbunch, becoming exhausted when nbunch is exhausted. |
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1880 |
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1881 To test whether nbunch is a single node, one can use |
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1882 "if nbunch in self:", even after processing with this routine. |
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1883 |
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1884 If nbunch is not a node or a (possibly empty) sequence/iterator |
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1885 or None, a :exc:`NetworkXError` is raised. Also, if any object in |
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1886 nbunch is not hashable, a :exc:`NetworkXError` is raised. |
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1887 """ |
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1888 if nbunch is None: # include all nodes via iterator |
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1889 bunch = iter(self._adj) |
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1890 elif nbunch in self: # if nbunch is a single node |
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1891 bunch = iter([nbunch]) |
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1892 else: # if nbunch is a sequence of nodes |
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1893 |
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1894 def bunch_iter(nlist, adj): |
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1895 try: |
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1896 for n in nlist: |
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1897 if n in adj: |
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1898 yield n |
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1899 except TypeError as e: |
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1900 message = e.args[0] |
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1901 # capture error for non-sequence/iterator nbunch. |
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1902 if "iter" in message: |
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1903 msg = "nbunch is not a node or a sequence of nodes." |
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1904 raise NetworkXError(msg) from e |
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1905 # capture error for unhashable node. |
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1906 elif "hashable" in message: |
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1907 msg = f"Node {n} in sequence nbunch is not a valid node." |
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1908 raise NetworkXError(msg) from e |
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1909 else: |
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1910 raise |
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1911 |
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1912 bunch = bunch_iter(nbunch, self._adj) |
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1913 return bunch |