### diff env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/centrality/katz.py @ 0:4f3585e2f14bdraftdefaulttip

author shellac Mon, 22 Mar 2021 18:12:50 +0000
line wrap: on
line diff
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/centrality/katz.py	Mon Mar 22 18:12:50 2021 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+"""Katz centrality."""
+from math import sqrt
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.utils import not_implemented_for
+
+__all__ = ["katz_centrality", "katz_centrality_numpy"]
+
+
+@not_implemented_for("multigraph")
+def katz_centrality(
+    G,
+    alpha=0.1,
+    beta=1.0,
+    max_iter=1000,
+    tol=1.0e-6,
+    nstart=None,
+    normalized=True,
+    weight=None,
+):
+    r"""Compute the Katz centrality for the nodes of the graph G.
+
+    Katz centrality computes the centrality for a node based on the centrality
+    of its neighbors. It is a generalization of the eigenvector centrality. The
+    Katz centrality for node $i$ is
+
+    .. math::
+
+        x_i = \alpha \sum_{j} A_{ij} x_j + \beta,
+
+    where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of graph G with eigenvalues $\lambda$.
+
+    The parameter $\beta$ controls the initial centrality and
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \alpha < \frac{1}{\lambda_{\max}}.
+
+    Katz centrality computes the relative influence of a node within a
+    network by measuring the number of the immediate neighbors (first
+    degree nodes) and also all other nodes in the network that connect
+    to the node under consideration through these immediate neighbors.
+
+    Extra weight can be provided to immediate neighbors through the
+    parameter $\beta$.  Connections made with distant neighbors
+    are, however, penalized by an attenuation factor $\alpha$ which
+    should be strictly less than the inverse largest eigenvalue of the
+    adjacency matrix in order for the Katz centrality to be computed
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : graph
+      A NetworkX graph.
+
+    alpha : float
+      Attenuation factor
+
+    beta : scalar or dictionary, optional (default=1.0)
+      Weight attributed to the immediate neighborhood. If not a scalar, the
+      dictionary must have an value for every node.
+
+    max_iter : integer, optional (default=1000)
+      Maximum number of iterations in power method.
+
+    tol : float, optional (default=1.0e-6)
+      Error tolerance used to check convergence in power method iteration.
+
+    nstart : dictionary, optional
+      Starting value of Katz iteration for each node.
+
+    normalized : bool, optional (default=True)
+      If True normalize the resulting values.
+
+    weight : None or string, optional (default=None)
+      If None, all edge weights are considered equal.
+      Otherwise holds the name of the edge attribute used as weight.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nodes : dictionary
+       Dictionary of nodes with Katz centrality as the value.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    NetworkXError
+       If the parameter beta is not a scalar but lacks a value for at least
+       one node
+
+    PowerIterationFailedConvergence
+        If the algorithm fails to converge to the specified tolerance
+        within the specified number of iterations of the power iteration
+        method.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import math
+    >>> G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    >>> phi = (1 + math.sqrt(5)) / 2.0  # largest eigenvalue of adj matrix
+    >>> centrality = nx.katz_centrality(G, 1 / phi - 0.01)
+    >>> for n, c in sorted(centrality.items()):
+    ...     print(f"{n} {c:.2f}")
+    0 0.37
+    1 0.60
+    2 0.60
+    3 0.37
+
+    --------
+    katz_centrality_numpy
+    eigenvector_centrality
+    eigenvector_centrality_numpy
+    pagerank
+    hits
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Katz centrality was introduced by [2]_.
+
+    This algorithm it uses the power method to find the eigenvector
+    corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of G.
+    The parameter alpha should be strictly less than the inverse of largest
+    eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix for the algorithm to converge.
+    You can use max(nx.adjacency_spectrum(G)) to get $\lambda_{\max}$ the largest
+    eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix.
+    The iteration will stop after max_iter iterations or an error tolerance of
+    number_of_nodes(G) * tol has been reached.
+
+    When $\alpha = 1/\lambda_{\max}$ and $\beta=0$, Katz centrality is the same
+    as eigenvector centrality.
+
+    For directed graphs this finds "left" eigenvectors which corresponds
+    to the in-edges in the graph. For out-edges Katz centrality
+    first reverse the graph with G.reverse().
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Mark E. J. Newman:
+       Networks: An Introduction.
+       Oxford University Press, USA, 2010, p. 720.
+    .. [2] Leo Katz:
+       A New Status Index Derived from Sociometric Index.
+       Psychometrika 18(1):39–43, 1953
+       http://phya.snu.ac.kr/~dkim/PRL87278701.pdf
+    """
+    if len(G) == 0:
+        return {}
+
+    nnodes = G.number_of_nodes()
+
+    if nstart is None:
+        # choose starting vector with entries of 0
+        x = {n: 0 for n in G}
+    else:
+        x = nstart
+
+    try:
+        b = dict.fromkeys(G, float(beta))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
+        b = beta
+        if set(beta) != set(G):
+            raise nx.NetworkXError(
+                "beta dictionary " "must have a value for every node"
+            ) from e
+
+    # make up to max_iter iterations
+    for i in range(max_iter):
+        xlast = x
+        x = dict.fromkeys(xlast, 0)
+        # do the multiplication y^T = Alpha * x^T A - Beta
+        for n in x:
+            for nbr in G[n]:
+                x[nbr] += xlast[n] * G[n][nbr].get(weight, 1)
+        for n in x:
+            x[n] = alpha * x[n] + b[n]
+
+        # check convergence
+        err = sum([abs(x[n] - xlast[n]) for n in x])
+        if err < nnodes * tol:
+            if normalized:
+                # normalize vector
+                try:
+                    s = 1.0 / sqrt(sum(v ** 2 for v in x.values()))
+                # this should never be zero?
+                except ZeroDivisionError:
+                    s = 1.0
+            else:
+                s = 1
+            for n in x:
+                x[n] *= s
+            return x
+    raise nx.PowerIterationFailedConvergence(max_iter)
+
+
+@not_implemented_for("multigraph")
+def katz_centrality_numpy(G, alpha=0.1, beta=1.0, normalized=True, weight=None):
+    r"""Compute the Katz centrality for the graph G.
+
+    Katz centrality computes the centrality for a node based on the centrality
+    of its neighbors. It is a generalization of the eigenvector centrality. The
+    Katz centrality for node $i$ is
+
+    .. math::
+
+        x_i = \alpha \sum_{j} A_{ij} x_j + \beta,
+
+    where $A$ is the adjacency matrix of graph G with eigenvalues $\lambda$.
+
+    The parameter $\beta$ controls the initial centrality and
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \alpha < \frac{1}{\lambda_{\max}}.
+
+    Katz centrality computes the relative influence of a node within a
+    network by measuring the number of the immediate neighbors (first
+    degree nodes) and also all other nodes in the network that connect
+    to the node under consideration through these immediate neighbors.
+
+    Extra weight can be provided to immediate neighbors through the
+    parameter $\beta$.  Connections made with distant neighbors
+    are, however, penalized by an attenuation factor $\alpha$ which
+    should be strictly less than the inverse largest eigenvalue of the
+    adjacency matrix in order for the Katz centrality to be computed
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : graph
+      A NetworkX graph
+
+    alpha : float
+      Attenuation factor
+
+    beta : scalar or dictionary, optional (default=1.0)
+      Weight attributed to the immediate neighborhood. If not a scalar the
+      dictionary must have an value for every node.
+
+    normalized : bool
+      If True normalize the resulting values.
+
+    weight : None or string, optional
+      If None, all edge weights are considered equal.
+      Otherwise holds the name of the edge attribute used as weight.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    nodes : dictionary
+       Dictionary of nodes with Katz centrality as the value.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    NetworkXError
+       If the parameter beta is not a scalar but lacks a value for at least
+       one node
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import math
+    >>> G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    >>> phi = (1 + math.sqrt(5)) / 2.0  # largest eigenvalue of adj matrix
+    >>> centrality = nx.katz_centrality_numpy(G, 1 / phi)
+    >>> for n, c in sorted(centrality.items()):
+    ...     print(f"{n} {c:.2f}")
+    0 0.37
+    1 0.60
+    2 0.60
+    3 0.37
+
+    --------
+    katz_centrality
+    eigenvector_centrality_numpy
+    eigenvector_centrality
+    pagerank
+    hits
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Katz centrality was introduced by [2]_.
+
+    This algorithm uses a direct linear solver to solve the above equation.
+    The parameter alpha should be strictly less than the inverse of largest
+    eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix for there to be a solution.
+    You can use max(nx.adjacency_spectrum(G)) to get $\lambda_{\max}$ the largest
+    eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix.
+
+    When $\alpha = 1/\lambda_{\max}$ and $\beta=0$, Katz centrality is the same
+    as eigenvector centrality.
+
+    For directed graphs this finds "left" eigenvectors which corresponds
+    to the in-edges in the graph. For out-edges Katz centrality
+    first reverse the graph with G.reverse().
+
+    References
+    ----------
+    .. [1] Mark E. J. Newman:
+       Networks: An Introduction.
+       Oxford University Press, USA, 2010, p. 720.
+    .. [2] Leo Katz:
+       A New Status Index Derived from Sociometric Index.
+       Psychometrika 18(1):39–43, 1953
+       http://phya.snu.ac.kr/~dkim/PRL87278701.pdf
+    """
+    try:
+        import numpy as np
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError("Requires NumPy: http://numpy.org/") from e
+    if len(G) == 0:
+        return {}
+    try:
+        nodelist = beta.keys()
+        if set(nodelist) != set(G):
+            raise nx.NetworkXError(
+                "beta dictionary " "must have a value for every node"
+            )
+        b = np.array(list(beta.values()), dtype=float)
+    except AttributeError:
+        nodelist = list(G)
+        try:
+            b = np.ones((len(nodelist), 1)) * float(beta)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
+            raise nx.NetworkXError("beta must be a number") from e
+
+    A = nx.adj_matrix(G, nodelist=nodelist, weight=weight).todense().T
+    n = A.shape[0]
+    centrality = np.linalg.solve(np.eye(n, n) - (alpha * A), b)
+    if normalized:
+        norm = np.sign(sum(centrality)) * np.linalg.norm(centrality)
+    else:
+        norm = 1.0
+    centrality = dict(zip(nodelist, map(float, centrality / norm)))
+    return centrality