Mercurial > repos > antmarge > regionfitness

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/regionFitness.pl	Tue Mar 28 14:04:10 2017 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+#Margaret Antonio 17.01.06
+
+# Sliding Window specifically for Galaxy implementation.
+
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use warnings;
+use Bio::SeqIO;
+use Data::Random qw(:all);
+use List::BinarySearch qw( :all );
+use autodie;
+no warnings;
+
+#AVAILABLE OPTIONS. WILL PRINT UPON ERROR
+sub print_usage() {
+
+    print "\n####################################################################\n";
+    print "USAGE:\n";
+    print "slidingWindow.pl -f <fasta file> -r <genbank file> <inputs>\n";
+
+    print "\nREQUIRED:\n";
+    print " -d\tDirectory containing all input files (output files from\n";
+    print "   \tcalcFitness tool)\n";
+    print "   \tOR\n";
+    print "   \tIn the command line (without a flag), input filename(s)\n";
+    print " -f\tFilename for genome sequence, in fasta format\n";
+    print " -r\tFilename for genome annotation, in GenBank format\n";
+
+    print "\nOPTIONAL:\n";
+    print " -h\tPrint usage\n";
+    print " -size\tThe size of the sliding window. Default=500\n";
+    print " -step\tThe window spacing. Default=10\n";
+    print " -c\tExclude values with avg. counts less than x where (c1+c2)/2<x\n";
+    print "   \tDefault=15\n";
+    print " -log\tSend all output to a log file instead of the terminal\n";
+    print " -max\tExpected max number of TA sites in a window.\n";
+    print "     \tUsed for creating null distribution library. Default=100\n";
+    print " -w\tDo weighted average for fitness per insertion\n";
+    print " -wc\tInteger value for weight ceiling. Default=50\n";
+
+    print " \n~~~~Always check that file paths are correctly specified~~~~\n";
+    print "\n##################################################################\n";
+
+
+}
+
+#ASSIGN INPUTS TO VARIABLES
+our ($cutoff,$step, $size, $help,$fasta, $log, $ref,$weight_ceiling,$weight,$custom,$run,$max,$f1,$f2,$f3,$f4,$f5,$f6);
+
+GetOptions(
+'c:i'=>\$cutoff,
+'step:i' => \$step,
+'size:i' => \$size,
+'f:s' => \$fasta,
+'r:s' => \$ref,
+'log' => \$log,
+'h' => \$help,
+'m:i'=>\$max,
+'wc:i'=>\$weight_ceiling,
+'w'=>\$weight,
+'u:s'=>\$custom,
+'n:s'=>\$run,
+'f1:s'=>\$f1,
+'f2:s'=>\$f2,
+'f3:s'=>\$f3,
+'f4:s'=>\$f4,
+'f5:s'=>\$f5,
+'f6:s'=>\$f6,
+
+);
+
+sub get_time() {
+    my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime(time);
+    return "$hour:$min:$sec";
+}
+
+sub uniq {
+    my %seen;
+    return grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
+}
+
+# Just to test out the script opening
+if ($help){
+	print_usage();
+	print "\n";
+    exit;
+}
+my $round='%.4f';
+
+# every output file will have this prefix
+#if (!$run){$run = "run1";}
+$run = $run . "_";
+
+if (!$weight_ceiling){$weight_ceiling=50;}
+if (!$cutoff){$cutoff=15;}
+
+
+#open (STDOUT, ">>", $run . "log.txt");
+
+#CHECKING PARAMETERS: Check to make sure required option inputs are there and if not then assign default
+if (!$size) { $size = 500 };   #set the default sliding window size to 500
+if (!$step) { $step = 10 };   #set the default step size to 10
+if (!$cutoff) { $cutoff = 10 };
+if (!$max) { $max = 100 }; # most insertions expected in a given window region (for making null dist lib)
+
+print "Window size: $size\n";
+print "Step value: $step\n";
+print "Cutoff: $cutoff\n";
+
+
+# Returns mean, variance, sd, se
+sub average {
+    my $scoreref = shift @_;
+    my @scores = @{$scoreref};
+
+    my $sum=0;
+    my $num=0;
+
+    # Get the average.
+    foreach my $w (@scores) {
+        $sum += $w;
+        $num++;
+    }
+    my $average= $sum/$num;
+    my $xminusxbars = 0;
+
+    # Get the variance.
+    foreach my $w (@scores) {
+        $xminusxbars += ($w-$average)**2;
+    }
+    my $variance;
+    if ($num<=1){
+        $variance=0.10;
+    }
+    else{
+        $variance = sprintf($round,(1/($num-1)) * $xminusxbars);
+    }
+    my $sd = sprintf($round,sqrt($variance));
+    my $se = sprintf($round,$sd / sqrt($num));
+
+    return ($average, $variance, $sd, $se);
+
+}
+
+# Function to clean unwanted characters from lines
+
+sub cleaner{
+    my $line=$_[0];
+    chomp($line);
+    $line =~ s/\x0d{0,1}\x0a{0,1}\Z//s;
+    return $line;
+}
+
+# Takes two parameters, both hashrefs to lists.
+# 1) hashref to list of scores
+# 2) hashref to list of weights, equal in length to the scores.
+sub weighted_average {
+
+    my $scoreref = shift @_;
+    my $weightref = shift @_;
+    my @scores = @{$scoreref};
+    my @weights = @{$weightref};
+
+    my $sum=0;
+    my ($weighted_average, $weighted_variance)=(0,0);
+    my $v2;
+
+    # Go through once to get total, calculate V2.
+    for (my $i=0; $i<@weights; $i++) {
+        $sum += $weights[$i];
+        $v2 += $weights[$i]**2;
+    }
+    if ($sum == 0) { return 0; } # No scores given?
+
+    my $scor = join (' ', @scores);
+    my $wght = join (' ', @weights);
+
+    # Now calculated weighted average.
+    my ($top, $bottom) = (0,0);
+    for (my $i=0; $i<@weights; $i++) {
+        $top += $weights[$i] * $scores[$i];
+        $bottom += $weights[$i];
+    }
+    $weighted_average = sprintf($round,$top/$bottom);
+
+    ($top, $bottom) = (0,0);
+    # Now calculate weighted sample variance.
+    for (my $i=0; $i<@weights; $i++) {
+        $top += ( $weights[$i] * ($scores[$i] - $weighted_average)**2);
+        $bottom += $weights[$i];
+    }
+    $weighted_variance = sprintf($round,$top/$bottom);
+
+    my $weighted_stdev = sprintf($round,sqrt($weighted_variance));
+    my $weighted_stder = sprintf($round,$weighted_stdev / sqrt(@scores));  # / length scores.
+
+    return ($weighted_average, $weighted_variance, $weighted_stdev, $weighted_stder);
+}
+
+#CREATE AN ARRAY OF DATA FROM INPUT CSV FILE(S)
+
+my $rowCount=-1;
+my $last=0;
+my @unsorted;
+my @insertPos; #array to hold all positions of insertions. Going to use this later to match up with TA sites
+my %wind_summary;
+
+my @files = @ARGV;
+
+my $num=(scalar @files);
+
+my $datestring = localtime();
+print "Local date and time $datestring\n";
+
+print "\n---------Importing files--------\n";
+print "\tStart input array ",get_time(),"\n";
+print "\tNumber of csv files: ", $num,"\n";
+
+
+#Go through each file from the commandline (ARGV array) and read each line as an array
+#into select array if values satisfy the cutoff
+for (my $i=0; $i<$num; $i++){
+	print "File #",$i+1,"\t";
+    my $file=$files[$i];
+    print $file,"\n";
+
+    open(DATA, '<', $file) or die "Could not open '$file' Make sure input .csv files are entered in the command line\n";
+    my $dummy=<DATA>; #read and store column names in dummy variable
+    while (my $entry = <DATA>) {
+    	chomp $entry;
+		my @line=split(",",$entry);
+        my $locus = $line[9]; #gene id (SP_0000)
+        my $w = $line[12]; #nW
+        if (!$w){ $w=0 }   # For blanks
+        my $c1 = $line[2];
+        my $c2 = $line[3];
+        my $avg = ($c1+$c2)/2;
+        #Average counts must be greater than cutoff (minimum allowed)
+        if ($avg > $cutoff) {
+            my @select=($line[0],$w,$avg,$line[9]);
+            my $select=\@select;
+            push(@unsorted,$select);
+            push(@insertPos,$line[0]);   #keep track of actual insertion site position
+            $last=$select[0];
+            $rowCount++;
+        }
+        if ($avg >= $weight_ceiling) { $avg = $weight_ceiling; } # Maximum weight
+    }
+    close DATA;
+}
+
+my @sorted = sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @unsorted;
+@insertPos = sort { $a <=> $b } @insertPos;
+# Get unique
+@insertPos= uniq(@insertPos);
+
+print "\n\tFinished input array ",get_time(),"\n";
+
+###############################################################################################
+
+print "\n---------Creating sliding windows across the genome--------\n\n";
+
+my $index=-1;
+my $marker=0;
+my $totalInsert=0;
+my $totalWindows=0;
+
+
+#SUBROUTINE FOR EACH WINDOW CALCULATION
+sub OneWindow{
+    my $Wstart=shift @_;
+    my $Wend=shift@_;
+    my $Wcount=0;
+    my $insertion=0;
+    my $Wsum=0;
+    my $lastPos=0;
+    my $i;
+    my @allgenes=();
+
+    for ($i=$marker;$i<$rowCount;$i++){
+        my @fields=@{$sorted[$i]};
+        my $pos=$fields[0];
+        my $w=$fields[1];         #fitness value for single insertion
+        my $avgCount=$fields[2];
+        my $gene=$fields[3];
+
+        if ($pos<$Wstart){  #if deleted, error shows up
+            next;
+        }
+        if ($pos<=$Wend){
+            if ($pos<($Wstart+$step)){
+                $marker++;
+            }
+            my @empty;
+            if (!$wind_summary{$Wstart}) {
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{w} = [@empty];
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{s} = [@empty];
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{g} = [@empty];
+            }
+            # Hash of Fitness scores.
+            $wind_summary{$Wstart}{w} = [@{$wind_summary{$Wstart}{w}}, $w];
+            # Hash of counts used to generate those fitness scores.
+            $wind_summary{$Wstart}{s} = [@{$wind_summary{$Wstart}{s}}, $avgCount];
+
+
+            if (!($gene =~ /^ *$/)){
+                $gene=~ s/"//g;
+                $gene=~ s/ //g;
+                $gene=~ s/'//g;
+                push @allgenes,$gene;
+            }
+            $Wsum+=$w;
+            $Wcount++;
+            if ($pos!=$lastPos){
+                $insertion+=1;
+                $lastPos=$pos;
+            }
+        }
+        #if ($fields[0]>$Wend) #finished with that window, then:
+        else{
+            if ($Wcount>0){
+                $totalWindows++;
+                $totalInsert+=$insertion;
+
+                my ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr);
+
+                if ($num <=1 ) {
+                    ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr)=(0.10,0.10,"NA","NA");
+                }
+                else{
+                    if (!$weight) {
+                        ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr) = &average($wind_summary{$Wstart}{w});
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr)= &weighted_average($wind_summary{$Wstart}{w},$wind_summary{$Wstart}{s});
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @allgenes= uniq(@allgenes);
+                my @sortedGenes = sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } @allgenes;
+                my $wind_genes=join(" ",@sortedGenes);
+                my @window=($Wstart,$Wend,$Wcount,$insertion,$wind_genes,$average,$variance,$stdev,$stderr);
+                return (\@window);
+            }
+
+            else{
+            #Even if there were no insertions, still want window in file for consistent start/end
+                my @window=($Wstart,$Wend,$Wcount,$insertion," ","NA","NA","NA","NA");
+                return (\@window);
+            }  	#Because count=0 (i.e. there were no insertion mutants in that window)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub customWindow{
+
+    my $Wstart=shift @_;
+    my $Wend=shift@_;
+    my $Wavg=0;
+    my $Wcount=0;
+    my $insertion=0;
+    my $Wsum=0;
+    my $lastPos=0;
+    my @allgenes=();
+    my $i;
+
+
+    for ($i=$marker;$i<$rowCount;$i++){
+        my @fields=@{$sorted[$i]};
+        my $pos=$fields[0];
+        my $w=$fields[1];         #fitness value for single insertion
+        my $avgCount=$fields[2];
+        my $gene=$fields[3];
+
+
+
+        if ($pos<$Wstart){  #if deleted, error shows up
+            next;
+        }
+        if ($pos<=$Wend){
+            my @empty;
+            if (!$wind_summary{$Wstart}) {
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{w} = [@empty];
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{s} = [@empty];
+                $wind_summary{$Wstart}{g} = [@empty];
+            }
+            # Hash of fitness scores
+            $wind_summary{$Wstart}{w} = [@{$wind_summary{$Wstart}{w}}, $w];
+            # Hash of counts used to generate those fitness scores.
+            $wind_summary{$Wstart}{s} = [@{$wind_summary{$Wstart}{s}}, $avgCount];
+
+            if (!($gene =~ /^ *$/)){
+                $gene=~ s/"//g;
+                $gene=~ s/ //g;
+                $gene=~ s/'//g;
+                push @allgenes,$gene;
+            }
+            $Wsum+=$w;
+            $Wcount++;
+            if ($pos!=$lastPos){
+                $insertion+=1;
+                $lastPos=$pos;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #if ($fields[0]>$Wend){         #if finished with that window, then:
+        else{
+            if ($Wcount>0){
+                $totalWindows++;
+                $totalInsert+=$insertion;
+
+                my ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr);
+
+                if ($num <=1 ) {
+                    ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr)=(0.10,0.10,"NA","NA");
+                }
+                else{
+                    if (!$weight) {
+                        ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr) = &average($wind_summary{$Wstart}{w});
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        ($average, $variance, $stdev, $stderr)= &weighted_average($wind_summary{$Wstart}{w},$wind_summary{$Wstart}{s});
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @allgenes= uniq(@allgenes);
+                my @sortedGenes = sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } @allgenes;
+                my $wind_genes=join(" ",@sortedGenes);
+                print TEST $wind_genes,"\n";
+                my @window=($Wstart,$Wend,$Wcount,$insertion,$wind_genes,$average,$variance,$stdev,$stderr);
+                return (\@window);
+            }
+
+            else{ #Even if there were no insertions, still want window in file for consistent start/end
+                my @window=($Wstart,$Wend,$Wcount,$insertion," ","NA","NA","NA","NA");
+                return (\@window);
+            }  	#Because count=0 (i.e. there were no insertion mutants in that window)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+print "Start calculation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+my $start=1;
+my $end=$size+1;
+my $windowNum=0;
+my @allWindows; #will be a 2D array containing all window info to be written into output file
+
+
+
+#IF A CUSTOM LIST OF START/END COORDINATES IS GIVEN THEN CREATE WINDOWS USING IT
+if ($custom){
+    open (CUST, '<', $custom);
+    while(my $line=<CUST>){
+        $line=cleaner($line);
+        my @cwind=split(",",$line);
+        my $start=$cwind[0];
+        my $end=$cwind[1];
+        my $window=customWindow($start,$end);
+        push @allWindows,$window;
+    }
+    close CUST;
+}
+
+else{ #if not custom list
+    #WHILE LOOP TO CALL THE ONE WINDOW SUBROUTINE FOR CALCULATIONS===INCREMENTS START AND END VALUES OF THE WINDOW
+    while ($end<=$last-$size){  #100,000bp-->9,950 windows--> only 8500 windows in csv because 0
+        my($window)=OneWindow($start,$end);
+        push (@allWindows,$window);
+        $start=$start+$step;
+        $end=$end+$step;
+    }
+    print "End calculation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+}
+
+
+#my $avgInsert=$totalInsert/$totalWindows;
+#print "Average number of insertions for $size base pair windows: $avgInsert\n";
+
+
+#ESSENTIALS: Counting the number of TA sites in the genome and whether an insertion occurred there or not
+
+print "\n---------Assessing essentiality of genome region in each window--------\n\n";
+
+my @sites;
+
+#First read fasta file into a string
+my $seqio = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file => $fasta, '-format' => 'Fasta');
+my $prev;
+my $total=0;
+while(my $seq = $seqio->next_seq) {
+    $fasta = $seq->seq;
+}
+#Get number of "TA" sites, regardless of insertion---this is just the fasta file
+my $x="TA";
+my @c = $fasta =~ /$x/g;
+my $countTA = @c;
+
+#At what positions in the genome do TA sites occur?
+my $pos=0;
+my $countInsert=0;
+my @selector;   #use this array to hold all 1 and 0 of whether insertion happened or not.
+
+#Go through all TA sites identified above and see if an insertion occurs there.
+#Push results onto two arrays a 2d array with the position and a 1D array with just the 0 or 1
+
+my @unmatched;  #hold all unmatched ta sites
+my @allTAsites; #2d array to hold all occurences of TA sites in genome
+my $unmatchedCount=0;
+my $offset=0;
+my $genPos = index($fasta,'TA',$offset);
+
+while (($genPos != -1) and ($pos<scalar @insertPos)) { #as long as the TA site is foun
+        my $res=0;
+        if ($genPos>$insertPos[$pos]){
+            push @unmatched,$insertPos[$pos];
+            $unmatchedCount++;
+            $pos++;
+        }
+        if ($genPos==$insertPos[$pos]){
+            $res=1;
+            $countInsert++;
+            $pos++;
+        }
+        my @sites=($genPos,$res);
+        push @selector,$res;
+        	#push the 0 or 1 onto the array @selector---going to use this to draw random sets for the null distribution
+        push (@allTAsites,\@sites);
+        $offset = $genPos + 1;
+        $genPos = index($fasta, 'TA', $offset);
+        $countTA++;
+    }
+
+    #my $FILE1 = "$run" . "allTAsites.txt";
+    my $FILE1 = $f1;
+    open (ALL_TA, ">", $FILE1);
+    foreach my $sit(@allTAsites){
+    	foreach (@$sit){
+    		print ALL_TA $_, "\t";
+    	}
+    	printf ALL_TA "\n";
+    }
+    close ALL_TA;
+
+    my $FILE2 = $f2; #$run . "unmatched.txt";
+    unless(open UNM, ">", $FILE2){
+		die "\nUnable to create $FILE2:\n$!";
+	}
+    foreach (@unmatched){
+        print UNM $_, "\n";
+    }
+    close UNM;
+
+    print "\n\nTotal of unmatched insertions: $unmatchedCount\n";
+    print "See unmatched.txt for genome indices of unmatched sites\n";
+    print "See allTAsites.txt for details on all TA sites and insertions\n\n";
+
+#print "\nTotal: $countInsert insertions in $countTA TA sites.\n";
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#Now, have an array for each TA site and if an insertion occurred there.
+    #So per site @sites=(position, 0 or 1 for insertion).
+#Next step, create null distribution of 10,000 random sets with same number of
+    #TA sites as the window and then calculate p-value
+
+#SUBROUTINE FOR MAKING THE NULL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC TO THE WINDOW
+
+#DISTRIBUTION'S STANDARD DEVIATION
+my $N=10000;
+
+sub mean {
+    if (scalar @_ ==0){
+        return 0;
+    }
+    my $sum;
+    grep { $sum += $_ } @_;
+	return $sum/@_;
+}
+sub stdev{
+	my @data = @{shift @_};
+	my $average=shift @_;
+	my $sqtotal = 0;
+	foreach(@data) {
+		$sqtotal += ($average-$_) ** 2;
+	}
+	my $std = ($sqtotal / ($N-1)) ** 0.5;
+	return $std;
+}
+
+#MAKE LIBRARY OF NULL DISTRIBUTIONS:
+print "Making a library of null distributions.\n For information on distribution library, see nullDist.txt\n";
+
+my @distLib;
+
+my $FILE3 = $f3; #$run . "nullDist.txt";
+unless(open DIST, ">", $FILE3){
+	die "\nUnable to create $FILE3:\n$!";
+}
+printf DIST "Sites\tSize(n)\tMin\tMax\tMean\tstdev\tvar\tMinPval\n";
+
+#Loop once for each distribution in the library
+#(i.e. distribution of 10,000 sites each with 35 TA sites, then a distribution of 10,000 sites each with 36 TA sites, etc)
+
+sub pvalue{
+
+    #takes in window count average (countAvg) and number of TAsites and makes a null distribution to calculate the pvalue, which it returns
+    my $mean=shift@_;
+    my $TAsites=shift@_;
+    my $N=10000;
+    my @specDist=@{$distLib[$TAsites-1]};
+    my $rank= binsearch_pos { $a cmp $b } $mean,@specDist;
+    my $i=$rank;
+    while ($i<scalar(@specDist)-1 and $specDist[$i+1]==$specDist[$rank]){
+        $i++;
+    }
+    $rank=$i;
+    my $pval=$rank/$N; #calculate pval as rank/N
+    return $pval;
+
+}
+
+for (my $sitez=1; $sitez<=$max;$sitez++){
+    #print "In the first for loop to make a null distribution\n";
+    my @unsorted;
+    my $count=0;
+    my $sum=0;
+
+    for (my $i=1; $i<=$N; $i++){
+        my @random_set = rand_set( set => \@selector, size => $sitez);
+        my $setMean=mean(@random_set);
+        push (@unsorted, $setMean);
+        #print "$i:\t", "$setMean\n";
+        $count++;
+        $sum+=$setMean;
+    }
+    my @nullDist= sort { $a <=> $b } @unsorted;
+    my $nullMean=sprintf("$round",($sum/$count));
+    my $standev =sprintf("$round",stdev(\@nullDist, $nullMean));
+    my $variance=sprintf("$round",($standev*$standev));
+    my $min=sprintf("$round",$nullDist[0]);
+    my $max=sprintf("$round",$nullDist[scalar @nullDist-1]);
+    my $setScalar=scalar @nullDist;
+    push (@distLib,\@nullDist);
+    my $minp=pvalue(0,$sitez);
+    printf DIST "$sitez\t$N\t$min\t$max\t$nullMean\t$standev\t$variance\t$minp\n";
+}
+close DIST;
+
+#SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE THE P-VALUE OF THE WINDOW INSERTIONS AGAINST THE NULL DISTRIBUTION
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    #Now we have an array called @allTAsites which contains every TAsite position
+    #with a 0 next to it for "no insertion".
+    #Now just need to replace 0 with 1 if there IS and insertion at that site
+
+my @newWindows=();
+my $printNum=0;
+
+#my $allWindows=\@allWindows;
+for (my $i=0;$i<scalar @allWindows;$i++){
+    my @win=@{$allWindows[$i]};
+    my $starter=$win[0];
+    my $ender=$win[1];
+    my $insertions=$win[3];
+    my $mutcount=$win[2];
+    #print "num $printNum -->\tStart pos: $starter\tEnd pos: $ender\n";
+    #How many TA sites are there from $genome[$start] to $genome[$end]?
+
+    my $seq = substr($fasta,$starter-1,$size);  #start-1 becase $start and $end are positions in genome starting at 1,2,3.... substr(string,start, length) needs indexes
+    my $ta="TA";
+    my @c = $seq =~ /$ta/g;
+    my $TAsites = scalar @c;
+    my $avgInsert=sprintf("$round",$insertions/$TAsites);
+    my $pval=pvalue($avgInsert,$TAsites);
+
+    #reorder so things make more sense: all fitness related calcs together and all sig together
+    my @new=($starter,$ender,$mutcount,$insertions,$TAsites,$avgInsert,$pval,$win[5],$win[6],$win[7],$win[8],$win[4]);
+
+    push (@newWindows,\@new);
+    $printNum++;
+    }
+
+
+ print "End p-value calculation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+
+#print "This is the TA count: $count\nTotal genome size is: $total\n\n";
+
+#CALCULATE THE ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGION'S MEAN FITNESS AND AVERAGE MEAN FITNESS
+### For all windows, add a field that has the difference between that window's mean fitness and the
+#average mean fitness for all of the windows
+
+my @allFits = map $_->[7], @newWindows;
+my $meanFit=mean(@allFits);
+print "Average fitness for all windows: ",$meanFit,"\n";
+my @expWindows=();
+foreach (@newWindows){
+    my @entry=@{$_};
+    my $mean=$entry[7];
+    my $absdev=sprintf("$round",$mean-$meanFit);
+    push (@entry,$absdev);
+    push @expWindows,\@entry;
+}
+
+@newWindows=@expWindows;
+
+#MAKE OUTPUT CSV FILE WITH ESSENTIAL WINDOW CALCULATIONS
+
+print "Start csv ouput file creation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+
+open CSV, '>', $f3; # $run . "slidingWindows.csv" or die "Cannot open sliding window output file";
+
+my @csvHeader= ("start", "end","mutants","insertions","TA_sites","ratio","p-value","average", "variance","stdev","stderr","genes","fit-mean");
+my $header=join(",",@csvHeader);
+print CSV $header,"\n";
+foreach my $winLine(@newWindows){
+    my $string=join(",",@{$winLine});
+    print CSV $string, "\n";
+}
+close CSV;
+print "End csv ouput file creation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+
+my $in = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file=>$ref, -format => 'genbank');
+my $refseq = $in->next_seq;
+my $refname = $refseq->id;
+
+#MAKE essentials WIG FILE---->later make BW--->IGV
+sub printwig{
+    print "Start wig file creation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+    my $in = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file=>$ref, -format => 'genbank');
+    my $refseq = $in->next_seq;
+    my $refname = $refseq->id;
+    my $ewig="essentialWindows.wig";
+    my $FILE5 = $run . $ewig;
+    open eWIG, ">", $f5; #$FILE5";
+    printf eWIG "track type=wiggle_0 name=$ewig\n";
+    printf eWIG "variableStep chrom=$refname\n";
+    foreach my $wigLine(@newWindows){
+        my @wigFields=@$wigLine;
+        my $position=$wigFields[0];
+        while ($position<=$wigFields[1]){
+        printf eWIG $position, " ",$wigFields[7],"\n";    #7 for pvalue, but 2 for fitness!!!!!!
+        $position=$position+1;
+        }
+    }
+    close eWIG;
+    print "End wig file creation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+    print "If this wig file needs to be converted to a Big Wig, then use USCS program wigToBigWig in terminal: \n \t./wigToBigWig gview/12G.wig organism.txt BigWig/output.bw \n\n";
+}
+
+
+#OUTPUT REGULAR SLIDING INFORMATION WITHOUT ESSENTIALS CALCULATIONS (P-VALUES)
+
+
+#MAKE OUTPUT CSV FILE WITH FITNESS WINDOW CALCULATIONS
+    print "Start csv ouput file creation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+    open FITFILE, ">", $f4; #$run . "fitWindows.csv" or die "Failed to open file";
+    my @head = ("start", "end","fitness","mutant_count", "\n");
+    print FITFILE join(",",@head); #header
+    foreach my $winLine(@allWindows){
+        print FITFILE join(",", @$winLine),"\n";
+    }
+    close FITFILE;
+    print "End csv ouput file creation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+
+#MAKE WIG FILE---->later make BW--->IGV
+    print "Start wig file creation: ",get_time(),"\n";
+    my $fin = Bio::SeqIO->new(-file=>$ref, -format => 'genbank');
+    $refseq = $fin->next_seq;
+    $refname = $refseq->id;
+    my $fwig="fitWindows.wig";
+    open fWIG, ">", $f5; #$run . $fwig;
+    print fWIG "track type=wiggle_0 name=$fwig\n";
+    print fWIG "variableStep chrom=$refname\n";
+    foreach my $wigLine(@allWindows){
+        my @wigFields=@$wigLine;
+        my $pos=$wigFields[0];
+        my $fit=$wigFields[7];
+        print fWIG $pos," ",$fit,"\n";
+    }
+    close fWIG;
+    print "End wig file creation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+    print "If this wig file needs to be converted to a Big Wig,\n";
+    print " then use USCS program wigToBigWig in terminal: \n";
+    print "\t./wigToBigWig gview/12G.wig organism.txt BigWig/output.bw \n\n";
+
+
+#GOING TO MAKE A TEXT FILE FOR BED CONVERSION TO BIGBED, NEED CHROM # IN COLUMN 0
+
+my @cummulative;
+
+#MAKING A REGULAR TEXT FILE fields: [chrom,start,end,fitness,count]
+
+print "Start text file creation time: ",get_time(),"\n";
+open my $TXT, '>', $f6; #$run . "fitWindows.txt" or die $!;
+print $TXT ("start","end","W","mutant_count","insertion_count\n");
+print $TXT (join("\t",@$_),"\n") for @allWindows;
+close $TXT;
+print "End text file creation: ",get_time(),"\n\n";
+
+